{"id":5184,"date":"2025-10-01T16:00:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T14:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/questions-answers\/"},"modified":"2026-05-10T19:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T17:30:17","slug":"faq","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/faq\/","title":{"rendered":"Questions &amp; Answers"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.wp-block-kadence-header5852-cpt-id .kb-header-container{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;background-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-header5852-cpt-id .kb-header-container{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;background-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-header5852-cpt-id .kb-header-container{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;background-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);margin-top:0px;}}<\/style><header class=\"wp-block-kadence-header5852-cpt-id header-desktop-sticky header-tablet-sticky header-mobile-sticky .flag-header-html { margin-top: 20px; \/* Abstand nach oben *\/ } wp-block-kadence-header\" role=\"banner\" data-reveal-scroll-up=\"1\" data-sticky=\"1\" data-sticky-section=\"bottom\" data-sticky-tablet=\"1\" data-sticky-section-tablet=\"bottom\" data-sticky-mobile=\"1\" data-sticky-section-mobile=\"bottom\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-desktop kb-header-container\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row1461_23c46b-bb{--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}<\/style>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row.wp-block-kadence-header-row1461_84f3f2-62 .kadence-header-row-inner{min-height:80px;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row1461_84f3f2-62{--kb-header-row-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-stuck-header-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row1461_84f3f2-62 .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row1461_84f3f2-62 .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem 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#EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-background-hover:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top-left-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top-right-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom-right-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom-left-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-top:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-right:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-bottom:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-left:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:240px;--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.header-desktop-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);--kb-nav-top-link-background-hover:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-top-link-background-active:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu{--kb-nav-padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:200px;--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-top-link-padding-left:0px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.header-tablet-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);line-height:0.3;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-row-gap:0.3em;--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-top-link-background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.header-mobile-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu{--kb-nav-padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);--kb-nav-padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:15px;line-height:0.3;}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id kb-nav-desktop-horizontal-layout-standard kb-nav-tablet-horizontal-layout-standard kb-nav-mobile-horizontal-layout-standard navigation-desktop-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-tablet-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-mobile-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-desktop-orientation-horizontal navigation-tablet-orientation-horizontal navigation-mobile-orientation-horizontal wp-block-kadence-navigation\" data-scroll-spy=\"1\" data-scroll-spy-offset=\"\" data-scroll-spy-id=\"6a1b3c2d29b7e\"><nav class=\"navigation navigation-desktop-style-standard navigation-tablet-style-standard navigation-mobile-style-standard navigation-desktop-dropdown-animation-none navigation-tablet-dropdown-animation-none navigation-mobile-dropdown-animation-none navigation-desktop-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-tablet-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-mobile-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-desktop-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-tablet-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-mobile-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-desktop-parent-active-true navigation-tablet-parent-active-false navigation-mobile-parent-active-false\"><div class=\"menu-container\"><ul class=\"kb-navigation menu collapse-sub-nav-desktop-true collapse-sub-nav-tablet-true collapse-sub-nav-mobile-true\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{cursor:default;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:190px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-top:0.2em;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-bottom:0.2em;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:160px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:15px;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" role=\"button\">Technology<\/a><button aria-label=\"Toggle child menu of Technology\" class=\"kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kb-nav-arrow-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5.293 9.707l6 6c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0l6-6c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><ul class=\"sub-menu kb-nav-sub-menu\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_d8bff7-32 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_d8bff7-32 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_d8bff7-32 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-app\">Application<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_930f8e-54 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_930f8e-54 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_930f8e-54 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-sys\">System<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_4bb168-ba > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_4bb168-ba > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_4bb168-ba menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-rcv\">Receiver<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_ab13cc-e5 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_ab13cc-e5 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_ab13cc-e5 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-sto\">Storage<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_b652a3-cf > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_b652a3-cf > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_b652a3-cf menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-hel\">Mirror Field<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_ec426a-6c > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_ec426a-6c > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_ec426a-6c menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-dig\">Digitalization<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_936179-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_936179-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_936179-a0 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-grd\">Power Grid<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_d77ece-18 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_d77ece-18 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_d77ece-18 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-mss\">Mass Products<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_9db27f-9a > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_9db27f-9a > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_9db27f-9a menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-grn\">Green Energy Carriers<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_a66cb2-93 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_a66cb2-93 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_a66cb2-93 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-cmp\">Comparisons<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_a1863d-ab > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_a1863d-ab > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_a1863d-ab menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-evl\">Rating<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:200px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{cursor:default;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:190px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-top:0.2em;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-bottom:0.2em;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:170px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:15px;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" role=\"button\">Business Model<\/a><button aria-label=\"Toggle child menu of Business Model\" class=\"kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kb-nav-arrow-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5.293 9.707l6 6c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0l6-6c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><ul class=\"sub-menu kb-nav-sub-menu\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-val\">Value Creation<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-ipr\">IP Rights<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-cst\">Costs<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-mkt\">Market<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-ptr\">Partners<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:180px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{cursor:default;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:150px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-top:0.2em;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-bottom:0.2em;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:160px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:15px;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" role=\"button\">Environment<\/a><button aria-label=\"Toggle child menu of Environment\" class=\"kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kb-nav-arrow-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5.293 9.707l6 6c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0l6-6c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><ul class=\"sub-menu kb-nav-sub-menu\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_8736a0-da > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_8736a0-da > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_8736a0-da menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-crt\">Living Beings<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_7cee21-8e > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_7cee21-8e > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_7cee21-8e menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-spc\">Space Requirements<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_307e6e-ef > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_307e6e-ef > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_307e6e-ef menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-rsc\">Raw Materials<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_1cd2b7-f8 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_1cd2b7-f8 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_1cd2b7-f8 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-opr\">Operating Materials<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-center-left no-content\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-center no-content no-content-column-center\"><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-desktop1461_519850-76{display:block;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-header-desktop1461_519850-76{display:none;}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-section wp-block-kadence-header-section1461_519850-76\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-center-right no-content\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1461_8db120-00{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;}.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00, .site .entry-content .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns1461_8db120-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1461_8db120-00, .site .entry-content .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns1461_8db120-00{margin-top:0px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns1461_8db120-00\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button{width:125px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button:focus{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1461_4b476e-7a kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-outline kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false simulate-open-all-panels wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Open All<\/span><\/span>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button{width:125px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button:focus{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1461_ac9bd8-c2 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-outline kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false simulate-close-all-panels wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Close All<\/span><\/span>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button{width:125px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button:focus{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn1461_f59244-c6.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn1461_f59244-c6 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-outline kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false accordion-search wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Search<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-tablet kb-header-container\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19{--kb-header-row-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-stuck-header-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19 .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19 .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19.item-is-stuck.item-is-stuck{border-top:5px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_0622cf-19.item-is-stuck.item-is-stuck{border-top:5px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_6d3d62-6b{--kb-header-row-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-stuck-header-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_6d3d62-6b .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_6d3d62-6b .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_6d3d62-6b, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_6d3d62-6b.item-is-stuck.item-is-stuck{border-bottom:5px solid transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_6d3d62-6b .kadence-header-row-inner{margin-bottom:0px;}}<\/style>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e{--kb-header-row-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-stuck-header-bg:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);--kb-transparent-header-row-bg:transparent;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-header-row.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e .kadence-header-row-inner{min-height:50px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-header-row.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e .kadence-header-row-inner{min-height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e .wp-block-kadence-header-column, .wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e .wp-block-kadence-header-section{gap:undefinedpx;}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-row wp-block-kadence-header-row5157_528e3a-5e wp-block-kadence-header-row-bottom kb-header-row-layout-standard\"><div class=\"kadence-header-row-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-tablet-left\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-link-background-active-ancestor:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-background-hover:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top-left-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top-right-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom-right-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom-left-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-top:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-right:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-bottom:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-left:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:240px;--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.header-desktop-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);--kb-nav-top-link-background-hover:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-top-link-background-active:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu{--kb-nav-padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:200px;--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-top-link-padding-left:0px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.header-tablet-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);line-height:0.3;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-row-gap:0.3em;--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-top-link-background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.header-mobile-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-border-left:var(--kb-nav-link-border-left);--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-bottom:var(--kb-nav-link-border-bottom);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu{--kb-nav-padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);--kb-nav-padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:15px;line-height:0.3;}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation6914-cpt-id kb-nav-desktop-horizontal-layout-standard kb-nav-tablet-horizontal-layout-standard kb-nav-mobile-horizontal-layout-standard navigation-desktop-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-tablet-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-mobile-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-desktop-orientation-horizontal navigation-tablet-orientation-horizontal navigation-mobile-orientation-horizontal wp-block-kadence-navigation\" data-scroll-spy=\"1\" data-scroll-spy-offset=\"\" data-scroll-spy-id=\"6a1b3c2d3cf72\"><nav class=\"navigation navigation-desktop-style-standard navigation-tablet-style-standard navigation-mobile-style-standard navigation-desktop-dropdown-animation-none navigation-tablet-dropdown-animation-none navigation-mobile-dropdown-animation-none navigation-desktop-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-tablet-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-mobile-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-desktop-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-tablet-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-mobile-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-desktop-parent-active-true navigation-tablet-parent-active-false navigation-mobile-parent-active-false\"><div class=\"menu-container\"><ul class=\"kb-navigation menu collapse-sub-nav-desktop-true collapse-sub-nav-tablet-true collapse-sub-nav-mobile-true\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{cursor:default;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:190px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-top:0.2em;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-bottom:0.2em;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:160px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:15px;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_6eedf8-a1 menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" role=\"button\">Technology<\/a><button aria-label=\"Toggle child menu of Technology\" class=\"kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kb-nav-arrow-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5.293 9.707l6 6c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0l6-6c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><ul class=\"sub-menu kb-nav-sub-menu\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_d8bff7-32 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_d8bff7-32 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_d8bff7-32 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-app\">Application<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_930f8e-54 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_930f8e-54 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_930f8e-54 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-sys\">System<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_4bb168-ba > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_4bb168-ba > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_4bb168-ba menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-rcv\">Receiver<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_ab13cc-e5 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_ab13cc-e5 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_ab13cc-e5 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-sto\">Storage<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_b652a3-cf > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_b652a3-cf > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_b652a3-cf menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-hel\">Mirror Field<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_ec426a-6c > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_ec426a-6c > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_ec426a-6c menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-dig\">Digitalization<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_936179-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_936179-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_936179-a0 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-grd\">Power Grid<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_d77ece-18 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_d77ece-18 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_d77ece-18 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-mss\">Mass Products<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_9db27f-9a > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_9db27f-9a > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_9db27f-9a menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-grn\">Green Energy Carriers<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_a66cb2-93 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_a66cb2-93 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_a66cb2-93 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-cmp\">Comparisons<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_a1863d-ab > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-1433_a1863d-ab > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_a1863d-ab menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#tec-evl\">Rating<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:200px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{cursor:default;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:190px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-top:0.2em;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-bottom:0.2em;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:170px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:15px;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_0a84c7-e3 menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" role=\"button\">Business Model<\/a><button aria-label=\"Toggle child menu of Business Model\" class=\"kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kb-nav-arrow-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5.293 9.707l6 6c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0l6-6c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><ul class=\"sub-menu kb-nav-sub-menu\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_cba6fa-1d menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-val\">Value Creation<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_8f4b96-df menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-ipr\">IP Rights<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_7b3c1b-65 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-cst\">Costs<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_6e8710-a0 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-mkt\">Market<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_fae2c3-de menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#bmd-ptr\">Partners<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:180px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{cursor:default;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:150px;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-top:0.2em;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-padding-bottom:0.2em;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0{--kb-nav-dropdown-link-width:160px;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 .sub-menu li.menu-item > .kb-link-wrap > .kb-nav-link-content{font-size:15px;}}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_190196-d0 menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" role=\"button\">Environment<\/a><button aria-label=\"Toggle child menu of Environment\" class=\"kb-nav-dropdown-toggle-btn\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kb-nav-arrow-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5.293 9.707l6 6c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0l6-6c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><ul class=\"sub-menu kb-nav-sub-menu\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_8736a0-da > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_8736a0-da > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_8736a0-da menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-crt\">Living Beings<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_7cee21-8e > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_7cee21-8e > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_7cee21-8e menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-spc\">Space Requirements<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_307e6e-ef > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_307e6e-ef > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_307e6e-ef menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-rsc\">Raw Materials<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-1433_1cd2b7-f8 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;--kb-nav-link-align:left;--kb-nav-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-link-flex-align:start;}.kb-nav-link-1433_1cd2b7-f8 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-1433_1cd2b7-f8 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"#env-opr\">Operating Materials<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-center-left\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-tablet-center no-content no-content-column-center\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-tablet-right\"><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-header-column wp-block-kadence-header-column-center-right\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef .kb-off-canvas-inner-wrap{max-width:330px;}.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas .kb-off-canvas-overlay1461_538721-ef{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);}.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef .kb-off-canvas-close svg{width:25px;height:25px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef .kb-off-canvas-inner-wrap{max-width:330px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef .kb-off-canvas-close svg{width:25px;height:25px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef .kb-off-canvas-inner-wrap{max-width:330px;}.wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef .kb-off-canvas-close svg{width:25px;height:25px;}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-off-canvas wp-block-kadence-off-canvas1461_538721-ef open-right open-tablet-right open-mobile-right\"><div data-unique-id=\"1461_538721-ef\" class=\"kb-off-canvas-overlay kb-off-canvas-overlay1461_538721-ef\"><\/div><div class=\"kb-off-canvas-inner-wrap\"><button aria-label=\"Close Menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"kb-off-canvas-close\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"18\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y2=\"18\"\/><line x1=\"6\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"kb-off-canvas-inner\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top-left-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-top-right-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom-right-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-bottom-left-radius:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-top:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-right:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-bottom:0px;--kb-nav-dropdown-border-radius-left:0px;--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}.header-desktop-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-link-padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);--kb-nav-top-link-padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);--kb-nav-top-link-background-hover:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);--kb-nav-top-link-background-active:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu{--kb-nav-margin-right:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);line-height:0.9;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.header-tablet-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id > .navigation > .menu-container > .menu > .wp-block-kadence-navigation-link > .kb-link-wrap{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);line-height:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);--kb-nav-top-link-align:left;--kb-nav-top-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-top-link-media-container-align-self:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-align:left;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-flex-justify:start;--kb-nav-dropdown-link-media-container-align-self:start;}.header-mobile-transparent .wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}.item-is-stuck .wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id{--kb-nav-top-not-last-link-border-right:var(--kb-nav-link-border-right);}}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation8887-cpt-id kb-nav-desktop-horizontal-layout-standard kb-nav-tablet-horizontal-layout-standard kb-nav-mobile-horizontal-layout-standard navigation-desktop-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-tablet-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-mobile-layout-fill-stretch-false navigation-desktop-orientation-vertical navigation-tablet-orientation-vertical navigation-mobile-orientation-vertical wp-block-kadence-navigation\" data-scroll-spy=\"\"><nav class=\"navigation navigation-desktop-style-standard navigation-tablet-style-standard navigation-mobile-style-standard navigation-desktop-dropdown-animation-none navigation-tablet-dropdown-animation-none navigation-mobile-dropdown-animation-none navigation-desktop-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-tablet-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-mobile-collapse-sub-menus-true navigation-desktop-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-tablet-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-mobile-parent-toggles-menus-false navigation-desktop-parent-active-false navigation-tablet-parent-active-false navigation-mobile-parent-active-false\"><div class=\"menu-container\"><ul class=\"kb-navigation menu collapse-sub-nav-desktop-true collapse-sub-nav-tablet-true collapse-sub-nav-mobile-true\">\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_2288f4-b9 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_2288f4-b9 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_2288f4-b9 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/home\/\">Home<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_02c7e0-1f > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_02c7e0-1f > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_02c7e0-1f menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/overview\/\">Technology<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_f80bc0-41 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_f80bc0-41 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_f80bc0-41 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"\/overview\/#sol\">Solar Energy<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_70dbc0-db > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_70dbc0-db > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_70dbc0-db menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"\/overview\/#hse\">Company<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_f5adf5-b8 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_f5adf5-b8 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_f5adf5-b8 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/faq\/\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_0ee496-18 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_0ee496-18 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_0ee496-18 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/history-outlook\/\">History &amp; Outlook<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n\n<style>.kb-nav-link-507_0ea9a3-60 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-highlight-order:3;--kb-nav-link-highlight-icon-order:3;}.kb-nav-link-507_0ea9a3-60 > .kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap.kb-link-wrap{--kb-nav-link-media-max-width:px;}<\/style><li class=\"wp-block-kadence-navigation-link kb-nav-link-507_0ea9a3-60 menu-item\"><div class=\"kb-link-wrap\"><a class=\"kb-nav-link-content\" href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/header><style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_e81ec1-e7 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_24f9ee-d5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51{margin-bottom:0px;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(55% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(25% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(1 of *:not(style)){order:3;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(2 of *:not(style)){order:2;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(3 of *:not(style)){order:1;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(4 of *:not(style)){order:13;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(5 of *:not(style)){order:12;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(6 of *:not(style)){order:11;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(7 of *:not(style)){order:23;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(8 of *:not(style)){order:22;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(9 of *:not(style)){order:21;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(10 of *:not(style)){order:33;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(11 of *:not(style)){order:32;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(12 of *:not(style)){order:31;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_d3cac5-51 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e:not(.specificity){margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_924ae9-5e kvs-sm-false\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15:not(.specificity){margin-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:0px;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15:not(.specificity){margin-left:0px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_6d9fad-15\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0\"]{margin-bottom:0px;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_874e06-85_0\">Abbreviations used:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_94bd3f-d9\">HSE = Hueck Solar Energy, CSP = Concentrated Solar Power, PV = Photovoltaics<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_7ef380-c0 kvs-lg-false\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns5157_6177d8-a7{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;}.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7, .site .entry-content .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns5157_6177d8-a7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns5157_6177d8-a7, .site .entry-content .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns5157_6177d8-a7{margin-top:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns5157_6177d8-a7{gap:2px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns5157_6177d8-a7\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button{width:125px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button:focus{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button{width:102px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;}}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn5157_4c5962-a9 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-outline kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false simulate-open-all-panels wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Open All<\/span><\/span>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button{width:125px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button:focus{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button{width:122px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn5157_f60bf1-23 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-outline kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false simulate-close-all-panels wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Close All<\/span><\/span>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button{width:125px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button:focus{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button, ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button{width:81px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39.kb-button{border-top-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn5157_07ccd6-39 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-fixed kb-btn-global-outline kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false accordion-search wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Search<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-lg, 4rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 ,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 h1,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 h2,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 h3,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 h4,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 h5,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 a{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 a:hover{color:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 {}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_2f4efe-63 alignfull has-theme-palette9-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);}.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_4a086d-a8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xl, 3rem);line-height:1.2;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"tec\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f8d1ff-8b\">Technology<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_5d0d85-9a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-app\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_3a2d1a-f8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7af8a4-64\"><strong>Application<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_866754-f5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_866754-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_866754-f5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_353a58-57 kt-accordion-has-10-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_7b24f7-83\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Where can the technology be used?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b1118-86\">As a rule of thumb for the use of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), an annual direct normal irradiance (DNI) of approximately 1,800 to 2,000 kWh\/m\u00b2 is assumed. Locations with higher DNI are advantageous; locations with lower DNI are less economical but still conceivable. A world map with DNI data is available, for example, from <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.solargis.com\/prospect\/map?m=solargis-dni&amp;layer=solargis-dni\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Solargis<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane5157_527770-a1\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How much space is needed for the technology?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d46ba-64\">An HSE plant with a net electrical rated output of about 100 kW<sub>el<\/sub> for daytime operation and for up to 10 hours of storage operation requires approximately one hectare of plant area.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b91afd-79\">For thermal applications, the net rated output per hectare \u2013 measured in kilowatts thermal (kW<sub>th<\/sub>) \u2013 is significantly higher. However, for a rough estimate, it must be known how the electricity demand of such a plant is met and whether space is required for it. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_9db1ba-76\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What are the possible applications for the technology?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_783f28-83\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_783f28-83\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_783f28-83\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_783f28-83 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_783f28-83\">An HSE plant is suitable for electricity and\/or heat supply. The application areas include not only all electricity applications and all industrial heat processes, but also cooling processes based on supplied heat. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9c65c6-1a\">Although thermal seawater desalination seems conceivable, it should be noted that only coastal areas are suitable for this purpose, where there is a lot of space and where the air is largely clear.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane5157_04dbfc-c6\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How is solar power fed into the grid?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0cec35-ae\">The generated solar power is fed into the grid or used self-sufficiently in island mode. In both cases, complementary power generation by an HSE plant and an adjacent PV plant is sensible. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-8 kt-pane5157_9ad616-71\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How is solar heat supplied?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9ffba-9c\">Solar heat is supplied in the form of hot air or steam. The temperature level of the air is adjustable up to approx. 600-650 \u00b0C, and the temperature level of the steam is selectable up to approx. 500-550 \u00b0C. Lower temperatures are possible.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-9 kt-pane5157_9d0440-68\" id=\"tec-app-ofg\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is island mode operation without grid connection possible?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_83aecc-a5\">Island mode operation without grid connection is possible. For a continuous energy supply, it is sensible to combine PV with an HSE plant including thermal storage and, as a standby, with <a href=\"#tec-grn-iron\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">iron as a &#8220;green&#8221; fuel<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_29f24a-58\">In island mode, an independent power supply by PV is required for starting the blowers and pumps of the water-steam cycle. If the HSE plant operates in island mode solely for heat generation, then batteries are also required for the continuous operation of pumps and blowers. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane5157_321cad-79\" id=\"tec-app-dct\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Could data centers and entire economies be reliably supplied?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_65dcf2-31\">The concept of combining PV power, HSE power from thermal storage of solar heat, and <a href=\"#tec-grn-iron\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">iron as a &#8220;green&#8221; fuel<\/a> is scalable. This makes it suitable for the secure and at the same time CO<sub>2<\/sub>-free power supply of data centers in sunny regions. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57c20e-b8\">Currently, conventional gas turbines or small modular nuclear reactors<ins>, which do not yet exist,<\/ins> are planned for the power supply of data centers. However, both technologies rely on fuels whose availability is uncertain in the medium and long term. Furthermore, follow-up problems arise from the CO<sub>2<\/sub>-containing exhaust gases from gas turbines or from the waste generated by the operation of nuclear reactors.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_265116-11\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_265116-11\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_265116-11\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_265116-11 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_265116-11\">During the maintenance of a nuclear power plant, the associated data center would have to have its power reduced or be shut down completely, unless the temporarily failing, very large amount of electricity can be obtained elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f3c9d-86\">In contrast, with many small, renewable energy-based and modularly constructed plants, individual blocks can be maintained without affecting the overall energy supply of a data center.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1cb1e6-cc\">The concept described is also scalable to the extent that entire economies can be reliably supplied. Since iron as an energy carrier can be transported globally much more easily than hydrogen, a global energy supply for humanity would also be possible with this concept.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_f3d3bd-5b alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-sys\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{align-self:flex-start;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{align-self:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{align-self:flex-start;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_633ef6-e3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e9e715-f4\"><strong>System<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_0f5fd4-bb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_936393-a2 kt-accordion-has-22-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_8f7ecc-24\" id=\"tec-sys-adv\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What are the main advantages of the HSE system?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b9f95c-38\">A solar thermal plant according to the HSE concept includes, among others, the advantages listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7de526-e9\">Some aspects are already mentioned in brief on the page &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/overview\/#tec-adv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Overview<\/a>&#8220;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The concept is fully industrializable as a mandatory prerequisite for achieving a competitive cost level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The working medium air is harmless, non-corrosive, and non-toxic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Due to the low system pressure, the plant does not fall under the Pressure Equipment Directive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The solid-state heat storage has a much longer lifespan than lithium batteries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The system is suitable for heat and electricity generation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The rotors of the steam turbine and generator contribute to grid stabilization through their rotating masses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In the event of a complete failure of the external energy supply, the system is fail-safe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The raw materials needed for plant construction are available in unlimited quantities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">With an air-cooled condenser for the water-steam cycle and intelligent mirror cleaning methods, the water requirement for operating an HSE plant is very low.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The overall complexity of the solar thermal plant is low.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Very high local value creation is possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8ffaa1-e4\">Additionally, the following advantages are significant:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Only the solar thermal receiver is new; all other components are already established and bankable in terms of financing plant construction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The design of the receiver is robust and scalable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The receiver has very good technical <a href=\"#tec-rcv-dta\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">performance data<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The ceramic material SiC allows receiver temperatures of over 1,000 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The receiver contains no transparent components, such as quartz glass panes, which can become dirty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The receiver is closed to the environment and thus insensitive to contamination from the surroundings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The construction of the plant is not limited to horizontal surfaces for the solar field.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Existing industrial heat processes can be partially or fully converted to the HSE concept, provided there is sufficient space at a sunny location of the heat consumer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-15 kt-pane5157_2ac825-c2\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why is air used as the working medium?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_381286-17\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_381286-17\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_381286-17\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_381286-17 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_381286-17\">From the perspectives of operational reliability, availability, and cost, air is the optimal heat transfer medium.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-13 kt-pane5157_ef7e9b-4e\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Which components are shown at the base of the solar tower?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_eeb2a3-fc\">Without a computational interpretation of the system shown and without connecting air ducts, the following are shown on the ground in a highly simplified, schematic, and clockwise manner:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>Solar tower<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transformer building<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Air-cooled condenser<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Building for steam boiler, steam turbine, generator, and auxiliary systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Two air blowers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Heat storage modules as containers for solids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b75a2-b9\">Additionally, a low-loader and three cars are included.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_1f55b0-3e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_60ead7-22.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_60ead7-22 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_60ead7-22.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_60ead7-22 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_60ead7-22{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_60ead7-22{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_60ead7-22 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_60ead7-22 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_60ead7-22 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-close-view-light-off-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-9829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-close-view-light-off-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-close-view-light-off-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-close-view-light-off-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-close-view-light-off-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-close-view-light-off.jpg 1664w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_78507f-d9\" id=\"tec-sys-hlf\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why does the solar field have the shape of a semicircle?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6323ec-0b\">A semicircular solar field has the following advantages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>For a thermal application, a very short connection from the HSE plant to the heat consumer is possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Due to the better incidence angle, the heliostats (mirrors) on the side of the solar tower facing away from the sun have a higher efficiency than those heliostats that would be on the opposite side.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_866202-57{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_866202-57{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_866202-57, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_866202-57:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_866202-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_866202-57\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_a33b2f-24.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_a33b2f-24 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_a33b2f-24.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_a33b2f-24 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_a33b2f-24{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_a33b2f-24{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_a33b2f-24 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_a33b2f-24 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_a33b2f-24 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1653\" height=\"936\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-bird-view-light-off.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-9893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-bird-view-light-off.jpg 1653w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-bird-view-light-off-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-bird-view-light-off-1024x580.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-bird-view-light-off-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-bird-view-light-off-1536x870.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1653px) 100vw, 1653px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea504e-01\">The size of the HSE receiver block held by a steel structure in the depicted plant is chosen such that it fits onto a low-loader without disassembly into individual parts. The loaded low-loader is below the minimum clearance height of 4 meters. Given these boundary conditions, the shape of a semicircle was chosen for the solar receiver, because the inner area of a circular receiver would be too small. Accordingly, the solar field has the suitable, advantageous shape of a semicircle that matches the receiver.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-14 kt-pane5157_36d95c-87\" id=\"tec-sys-sze\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How large is the plant shown in the graphic?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0483cb-18\">The radius of the solar field is 250 meters, resulting in a total area of approximately 10 hectares. The tower has a total height of 65 meters. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_316681-b7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_316681-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_316681-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_316681-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_316681-b7\">With continuous daytime operation and nighttime operation up to 10 hours, the net electrical nominal power is roughly estimated at a good 1\u00a0MW<sub>el<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_8f2179-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_8f2179-65\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_c5dc23-2a size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-top-view-light-on-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-9832\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-top-view-light-on-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-top-view-light-on-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-top-view-light-on-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-top-view-light-on-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/12\/Plant-top-view-light-on.jpg 1664w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-16 kt-pane5157_96923d-ad\" id=\"tec-sys-max\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Can larger plants be realized?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff1db7-43\">For larger plants, several modular receiver blocks are assembled. Each individual receiver block retains suitable dimensions for transport on a low-loader. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d036fb-fb\">The maximum plant size results from the economically feasible dimensions of the air blowers and air ducts. With suitable development stages, a net nominal power in the order of 10 to 25 MW<sub>el<\/sub> is aimed for. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5a32e3-65\">These figures are preliminary and therefore non-binding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-17 kt-pane5157_15273c-c9\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What minimum size is required for a plant?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_96e5f8-a1\">The minimum size of an HSE plant for electrical power generation results from the smallest possible size of a suitable steam turbine. This is in the order of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turbonik.de\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">less than 600 kW<sub>el<\/sub><\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-18 kt-pane5157_d8085d-81\" id=\"tec-sys-pln\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What does the system plan of the plant look like?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_369517-54\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_369517-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_369517-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_369517-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_369517-54\">The system plan of the HSE plant shows the solar block, the thermal storage, the blowers, and the steam generator.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_9b1284-2a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:850px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34{max-width:850px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_1ebdc6-34 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"497\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-1024x497.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-7017\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-1024x497.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-1536x746.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-2048x995.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-768x373.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Systemdiagramm einer HSE-Solarturmanlage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-21 kt-pane5157_5263be-04\" id=\"tec-sys-kam\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Are there already plants with a similar system configuration?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fc4c16-56\">The solar tower power plant by Kraftanlagen M\u00fcnchen (KAM) on the premises of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in J\u00fclich was built between 2007 and 2008 with a nearly identical system configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5579fb-e0\">The only fundamental difference is the design of the receiver: The KAM receiver is open to the environment. The cold ambient air is sucked in and heated as it flows through the ceramic receiver. After the heat is released, the cooled air flows back to the receiver, where it exits into the environment and is only partially sucked in again.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_04ad24-02\">With the closed HSE receiver, the risk of clogging by foreign matter from the environment is avoided.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c9f0b0-51\">The closed receiver can also optionally be operated with a slight overpressure. This opens up the option of blowing the hot air into a heat process without having to extract it from there again. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_0b789d-e3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_7a056b-1f.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_7a056b-1f .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:850px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_7a056b-1f.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_7a056b-1f .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_7a056b-1f{max-width:850px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_7a056b-1f{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_7a056b-1f img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_7a056b-1f .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_7a056b-1f size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/System-diagram-KAM-1024x580.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2790\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/System-diagram-KAM-1024x580.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/System-diagram-KAM-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/System-diagram-KAM-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/System-diagram-KAM.jpg 1271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Systemdiagramm der Solarturmanlage von Kraftanlagen M\u00fcnchen in J\u00fclich<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_51f0a2-54 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-rcv\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_0ec5c8-e9\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f64f74-52\"><strong>Receiver<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_d6539b-48 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_d6539b-48\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_51853c-fd kt-accordion-has-16-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_98edb3-16\" id=\"tec-rcv-phy\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Which physical principles does the receiver use?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_75c780-70{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_75c780-70, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_75c780-70:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_75c780-70 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_75c780-70 kvs-lg-false\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_85c6fd-16.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_85c6fd-16 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:800px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_85c6fd-16.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_85c6fd-16 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_85c6fd-16{max-width:800px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_85c6fd-16{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_85c6fd-16 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_85c6fd-16 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_85c6fd-16 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-9341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles.jpg 808w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles-300x124.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles-768x318.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles-600x248.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1187be-c6\">The HSE receiver uses the following technical-physical principles for the best possible heat transfer from concentrated solar radiation to the air flowing inside:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Cold air cools best. Therefore, it is directed into the tip of each individual receiver cap, because the heat radiation from the hot outer surface there is lost unused to the environment. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The inner surface of a receiver cap is much larger than the outer surface to achieve good heat transfer to the flowing air.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">As a material for this type of heat exchanger, silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic is very well suited. SiC ceramic has high temperature resistance in the order of 1,200 to 1,400 \u00b0C, very good thermal conductivity, high strength, and low density. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The closely arranged receiver elements intentionally form a highly convoluted outer surface, so that the convective <span class=\"tooltip-wrapper\"><span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_custom_f5abef60949d5d0b452ae73934b3d9f2 classtoolTipsCustomShortCode' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>heat loss<\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\">jQuery(\"document\").ready(function(){ toolTips('.tooltip_post_id_custom_f5abef60949d5d0b452ae73934b3d9f2','On hot, vertical outer surfaces, an air current forms that carries away part of the heat\\. This is called convective heat loss\\. If such a surface is smooth, a faster current forms that carries away more heat than if such a surface is uneven\\.'); });<\/script><label for=\"tooltip-toggle-1\" class=\"tooltip-toggle-icon\"><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"tooltip-toggle-1\" class=\"tooltip-toggle-checkbox\" \/><span class=\"tooltip-toggle-content\">On hot, vertical outer surfaces, an air current forms that carries away part of the heat. This is called convective heat loss. If such a surface is smooth, a faster current forms that carries away more heat than if such a surface is uneven.<\/span><\/span> is lower than with a smooth outer surface.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The areas further back in a receiver cap are cooled less effectively because the air has already heated up on its way to the back. However, the heat radiated from the outer surfaces there is not completely lost to the environment. Part of it strikes an adjacent surface and is transferred from there to the cooling air inside. This is called a &#8220;cavity effect&#8221; which is favorable for efficiency.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The outer surface of the receiver is black so that the highest possible proportion of incident radiant energy is absorbed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_5dccf6-2d kvs-md-false kvs-sm-false\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image5157_43ba22-0b:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kb-image5157_43ba22-0b.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_43ba22-0b .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:800px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_43ba22-0b.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_43ba22-0b .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_43ba22-0b{max-width:800px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_43ba22-0b{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_43ba22-0b img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_43ba22-0b .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_43ba22-0b size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"808\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-9341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles.jpg 808w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles-300x124.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles-768x318.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Receiver-physical-principles-600x248.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_768f41-7e\" id=\"tec-rcv-prv\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Were the physical principles of the receiver developed earlier?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50c535-19\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50c535-19\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50c535-19\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_50c535-19 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50c535-19\">Most of the physical basic principles of a receiver for a solar thermal application described above were presented in 2008 by Prof. D. G. Kroger, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, as a &#8220;Spiky Central Receiver Air Pre-heater&#8221; (SCRAP) (Kroger, 2008). As a technical application, integration into a Brayton cycle was proposed. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b623cb-6a\">A further development of this approach in Stellenbosch aimed at a design in which the cooling air first flowed through a gap along the tip of the module (Erasmus, et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d3c0d-65\">For flow guidance in a receiver module, a similar concept, developed by RWTH Aachen University and the German Solar Millennium AG, was presented to the professional audience at the SolarPACES 2012 conference (Garbrecht, et al., 2012). Additionally, a publication in a technical journal followed (Garbrecht, et al., 2013). Liquid salt was intended as the heat transfer medium.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_875215-f6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_875215-f6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_875215-f6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_875215-f6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_875215-f6\">At the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, a receiver module was also investigated, in which the heat transfer medium was initially intended to cool its tip (Wang &amp; Laumert, 2018). The module was additionally encased externally. Here too, pressurized air for a Brayton cycle was intended as the heat transfer medium.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f5c04a-62\">The basic principles of the HSE receiver were designed by Dr. Ulrich Hueck for unpressurized air as a heat transfer medium using a hand sketch on December 21, 2018, without knowing the above-mentioned similar approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cb4c68-7e\">In the German-language <a href=\"https:\/\/oa.tib.eu\/renate\/handle\/123456789\/22851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">final report<\/a> on the joint project &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/enargus.de\/pub\/bscw.cgi\/?op=enargus.eps2&amp;q=SolarRetrofit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">SolarRetrofit<\/a>&#8220;, the mentioned approaches are presented on pages 14 to 17 with further explanations and illustrations.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1bf749-50\">References:<br\/>Kroger, D. G., 2008. <a href=\"\/files\/2025\/09\/2008-SCRAP-Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"SCRAP Summary\">Spiky Central Receiver Air Pre-heater (SCRAP)<\/a>, Stellenbosch, South Africa: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch.<br\/>Erasmus, D. J., Lubkoll, M., Craig, K. J. &amp; von Backstr\u00f6m, T. W., 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0029156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"AIP Publishing\">Capability of a novel impingement heat transfer device for application in future solar thermal receivers<\/a>. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 2303, p. 030014.<br\/>Garbrecht, O., Al-Sibai, F., Kneer, R. &amp; Wieghardt, K., 2012. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/272041927_NUMERICAL_INVESTIGATION_OF_A_NEW_MOLTEN_SALT_CENTRAL_RECEIVER_DESIGN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"ResearchGate\">Numerical Investigation of a New Molten Salt Central Receiver Design<\/a>, s.l.: SolarPaces.<br\/>Garbrecht, O., Al-Sibai, F., Kneer, R. &amp; Wieghardt, K., 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solener.2012.12.007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"ScienceDirect\">CFD-simulation of a new receiver design for a molten salt solar power tower<\/a>. Solar Energy, Volume 90, pp. 94-106.<br\/>Wang, W. &amp; Laumert, B., 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2018.08.036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"ScienceDirect\">An axial type impinging receiver<\/a>. Energy, 11 August, Volume 162, pp. 318-334.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane5157_09ae87-3a\" id=\"tec-rcv-dtl\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What does a receiver module look like in detail?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_799de5-b0\">Thanks to 3D printing with the ceramic material silicon carbide (SiC), the receiver has obtained shapes that were previously impossible to manufacture.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1d6790-7f\">The cross-section drawing shows the internal structure of a single receiver module. The air flowing into the cold air duct enters the supply pipe from the left and flows from there into the tip of the receiver. The air is heated on its way back and then discharged downwards in the hot air duct.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d2bc40-c4\">The small vertical, gray surface on the left shows the supporting steel wall of the cold air duct. The receiver modules flexibly attached to this steel wall are held in position by it. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_74b3a0-32\">The cross-section drawing largely corresponds to an illustration in the already published <a href=\"#bmd-ipr\" title=\"\">patent application<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_b19036-b1:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_b19036-b1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_b19036-b1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_0b5d62-59.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_0b5d62-59 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:1024px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_0b5d62-59.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_0b5d62-59 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_0b5d62-59{max-width:1024px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_0b5d62-59{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_0b5d62-59 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_0b5d62-59 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_0b5d62-59 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1670\" height=\"663\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-3522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing.jpg 1670w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-1536x610.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-768x305.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-1024x407.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1670px) 100vw, 1670px\" \/><figcaption>Schnittzeichnung eines Receiver-Moduls<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-15 kt-pane5157_e00ccb-a1\" id=\"tec-rcv-dta\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><span class=\"panel-cloned-header\" data-panel-anchor=\"tec-rcv-dta\">What are the receiver&#039;s performance data?<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8fc844-4e\">+++Partial Answer+++<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_15b51d-e1\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p id=\"tec-rcv-dta-txt1\" class=\"kt-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_23bb2b-b8\">A single receiver module is designed for a thermal output of 40 kW<sub>th<\/sub>. This applies to a temperature of 200 \u00b0C at the air inlet and a temperature of 700 \u00b0C at the air outlet. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dcfe6c-7f\">These figures are preliminary and therefore non-binding.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p id=\"read-answer-complete\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\">If you would like to read the full answer because you are considering a collaboration with HSE, please contact us via the <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">contact form<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_39feb1-f8\" id=\"tec-rcv-sze\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How large and how heavy is a single receiver module?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b2eb03-bc\">A single receiver cap has a height of approx. 32 cm and a diameter of 23 cm, so that it can be produced in 3D printing.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_963045-f2, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_963045-f2:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_963045-f2 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_963045-f2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_dc0992-bc.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_dc0992-bc .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:300px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_dc0992-bc.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_dc0992-bc .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_dc0992-bc{max-width:300px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_dc0992-bc{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_dc0992-bc img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_dc0992-bc .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_dc0992-bc size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-dimensions.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2884\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-dimensions.jpg 591w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-dimensions-243x300.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><figcaption>Abmessungen einer Receiver-Kappe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af1354-1a\">The receiver module shown in the photo has a length of approx. 75 cm and a weight of approx. 25\u00a0kg. Length and weight depend on the design of the width of the gray hot air duct. The circular metal part on the left, on which the ceramic back wall of the hot air duct rests, is a partial section of the large metallic wall of the cold air duct.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_94e290-eb:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_94e290-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_94e290-eb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_0552ed-8d.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_0552ed-8d .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:900px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_0552ed-8d.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_0552ed-8d .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_0552ed-8d{max-width:900px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_0552ed-8d{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_0552ed-8d img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_0552ed-8d .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_0552ed-8d size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-09-21-09.58-5267-1024x372.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2886\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-09-21-09.58-5267-1024x372.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-09-21-09.58-5267-300x109.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-09-21-09.58-5267-768x279.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-09-21-09.58-5267.jpg 1322w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Receiver-Modul aus SiC-Keramik und Stahl<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane5157_e4cedf-7f\" id=\"tec-rcv-blk\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How large will a receiver consisting of many modules be?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_63faa3-f8\">The individual receiver modules are assembled into a pre-assembled receiver block. The dimensions of such a block are chosen so that road transport on a low-loader is possible. The receiver block shown in the illustration has such dimensions, is semi-circular, consists of 330 modules, and provides a thermal output of approx. 13 MW<sub>th<\/sub>.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_827e08-69\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_827e08-69\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_827e08-69\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_827e08-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_827e08-69\">The radius of a receiver block is adjustable. A larger receiver can be assembled from several individual blocks arranged side-by-side and one above the other at the top of a solar tower. The actually achievable maximum receiver size depends more on the available size of the required air blower and a reasonable size of the air ducts than on the design of the receiver itself.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_236844-41\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_236844-41\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_236844-41\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_236844-41 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_236844-41\">See also the answer to the question &#8220;<a href=\"#tec-sys-max\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">Can larger systems be realized?<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_db9371-68, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_db9371-68:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_db9371-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_db9371-68\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_f6849a-86.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_f6849a-86 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:800px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_f6849a-86.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_f6849a-86 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_f6849a-86{max-width:800px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_f6849a-86{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_f6849a-86 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_f6849a-86 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_f6849a-86 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"635\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-block.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2895\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-block.jpg 635w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-block-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><figcaption>Receiver-Block bestehend aus vielen Receiver-Modulen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane5157_1ad80e-cd\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How are thermal expansions of the receiver taken into account?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_42f175-87\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_42f175-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_42f175-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_42f175-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_42f175-87\">The thermal expansions of the receiver are taken into account with the following design principles, largely covered by the <a href=\"#bmd-ipr\" title=\"\">patent application<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>A spring element compensates for the different thermal expansions of the metallic inner tube compared to the ceramic outer tube.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The left support of the outer tube is movable within the left back wall of the hot air duct, which is formed by individual base plates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The right support of the outer tube is movably mounted in the right wall of the hot air duct, which is formed by individual base plates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The base plates of the hot air duct, which is formed from many identical elements, are sealed against each other but not rigidly fixed together.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_004718-d8, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_004718-d8:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_004718-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_004718-d8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_de33d5-e8.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_de33d5-e8 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:1024px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_de33d5-e8.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_de33d5-e8 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_de33d5-e8{max-width:1024px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_de33d5-e8{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_de33d5-e8 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_de33d5-e8 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_de33d5-e8 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1670\" height=\"663\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-3522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing.jpg 1670w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-1536x610.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-768x305.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-sectional-drawing-1024x407.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1670px) 100vw, 1670px\" \/><figcaption>Schnittzeichnung eines Receiver-Moduls<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-8 kt-pane5157_7c0e41-b8\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How sealed is the receiver against the environment?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d4681-2e\">The ceramic production forces small components that are sealed against each other. A completely tight design is not possible. This seal is sufficient for the function of the system, even if a little energy can be lost through small leaks. Due to the system pressure of less than 500 mbar, the receiver is not a pressure vessel.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-9 kt-pane5157_36d94e-8b\" id=\"tec-rcv-ctr\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is the airflow regulated for each individual receiver module?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_226e0c-06\">For the seven receiver modules of the <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/overview\/#tst-syn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Synlight test facility<\/a>, the airflow of each module is adjusted by a fixed throttle plate in such a way that the most homogeneous temperature distribution possible is achieved for all modules.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c54774-d8\">For the flow distribution in a larger receiver, active control elements at the module level are planned. In this context, active regulation of the airflow will only be relevant for a portion of the modules. Such electrically driven components at the air inlet of the receiver modules will all look identical and can therefore be cost-effectively manufactured as a mass product.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_66befe-36, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_66befe-36:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_66befe-36 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_66befe-36\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_43b276-71.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_43b276-71 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:400px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_43b276-71.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_43b276-71 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_43b276-71{max-width:400px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_43b276-71{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_43b276-71 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_43b276-71 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_43b276-71 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"820\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-08-01-10.54-4747.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-08-01-10.54-4747.jpg 900w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-08-01-10.54-4747-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2023-08-01-10.54-4747-768x700.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption>Drosselscheibe am Lufteintritt eines Receiver-Moduls<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-10 kt-pane5157_a52f73-30\" id=\"tec-rcv-ctg\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How is the black outer surface of the receiver manufactured?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fe6e1e-8a\">A black surface absorbs more solar radiation than a light surface.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cf9abe-8c\">After manufacturing, the SiC ceramic has a gray surface. This is coated with the temperature-resistant paint Pyromark\u00ae 2500, which was already developed in the 1960s. The absorption coefficient thus improves from 0.856 to 0.969.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_67b811-99\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_67b811-99\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_67b811-99\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_67b811-99 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_67b811-99\">Another coating method yields a further improvement. The absorption coefficient of differently coated SiC samples is 0.982 and 0.978 after thermal stress up to 1,000 \u00b0C. This other coating method promises good durability.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_d1290b-b5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_3a69b7-d3 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1214\" height=\"934\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2022-08-12-08.33-9330.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2022-08-12-08.33-9330.jpg 1214w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2022-08-12-08.33-9330-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2022-08-12-08.33-9330-768x591.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/2022-08-12-08.33-9330-1024x788.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px\" \/><figcaption>Receiver-Kappen ohne Beschichtung und mit Pyromark\u00ae 2500-Beschichtung<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-12 kt-pane5157_ba38e9-7d\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How is the receiver maintained?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_244bac-98\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_244bac-98\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_244bac-98\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_244bac-98 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_244bac-98\">The ceramic and metallic components of the receiver will have a longer service life than the seals used in the receiver. For the replacement of all seals, a receiver block consisting of many individual modules is completely replaced at night, so that this maintenance work does not negatively impact the availability of the system. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_030989-9c\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_030989-9c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_030989-9c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_030989-9c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_030989-9c\">The design also allows a single defective receiver module, located within a receiver block assembly, to be almost completely replaced if necessary, without disassembling the adjacent modules.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_8ce24c-86 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-sto\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_8af42a-99 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_8af42a-99\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5af697-19\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5af697-19\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5af697-19\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_5af697-19 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5af697-19\"><strong>Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_f7886c-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_f7886c-65\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_e412ce-96 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_7de270-7a\" id=\"tec-sto-typ\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What type of heat storage is provided?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff9b6-56\">A solid-state heat storage system is planned, which is heated by hot air during the day up to 700 \u00b0C. The cold air side is at approx. 200 \u00b0C, with such a temperature specification resulting from the requirements of the water-steam cycle. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9b6bcd-a6\">When heating or charging the heat storage, a hot zone moves through the heat storage: While the storage material on the inlet side quickly reaches the high temperature of the air, the storage material on the outlet side remains relatively cold until the hot zone arrives there.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7bc3b3-37\">During discharge, the heat storage is flowed through in the opposite direction. Only when the now spreading cold zone reaches the air outlet does the air temperature drop there, and the storage is discharged. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_58e965-0e\">There are various developers and manufacturers of solid-state heat storage devices that appear suitable for the application described.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_a654aa-83\" id=\"tec-sto-tme\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How long can the system operate solely on heat storage?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af3672-30\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af3672-30\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af3672-30\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_af3672-30 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_af3672-30\">Thermal storage systems in CSP plants are typically designed for approximately 10 hours of nominal load operation. It makes sense to design the heat storage system such that the turboset \u2013 consisting of a steam turbine and generator \u2013 can operate around the clock, at least at a low output. This both extends the turbine&#8217;s lifespan through fewer starts and stabilizes the power grid with the mass of the rotating turboset, even when idling.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3f53e0-ad\">In this context, for power generation in the HSE system, an optimization is planned for a storage size that allows continuous operation of the turboset \u2013 potentially even just idling \u2013 for one day.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_81e032-50\" id=\"tec-sto-nss\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Can longer periods without sunshine be bridged?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_41c645-f7\">As a rule, a CSP plant cannot bridge more than one day without sunshine, as it is not economical to dimension the heat storage to the size required for this.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1a15fa-6b\">During such periods, however, supplementary firing with a \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier can ensure continuous heat or power supply. See the passage below \u201c <a href=\"#tec-grn-iron\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">Is there a connection to \u201cgreen\u201d energy carriers like hydrogen and iron?<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_302204-30\" id=\"tec-sto-bat\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Are batteries better suited for storing solar energy?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad4b6-e6\">Currently, large PV systems are equipped with extensive battery arrays, mostly lithium-ion batteries. The electricity generation costs achievable with them appear very low at first glance. However, the following disadvantages should be considered:   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">PV systems and batteries lack rotating inertial mass. Consequently, they contribute little to grid stability and incur costs elsewhere for the essential grid stabilization. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Lithium batteries require <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/transportation\/battery-lifespan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">recurring replacement<\/a> every 10-15 years. This entails high resource consumption and a correspondingly large CO<sub>2<\/sub> &#8220;footprint&#8221;. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/commodity\/lithium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">costs of metallic raw materials for batteries are volatile<\/a> and not predictable for the future.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">For lithium batteries, the failure of cooling in a battery container exposed to the sun not only significantly reduces its lifespan but also poses a very high <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bam.de\/Content\/EN\/Standard-Articles\/Topics\/Energy\/Electrical-Energy-Storage-Conversion\/lithium-batteries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">fire risk<\/a>. Such a battery fire is almost impossible to extinguish. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">For imported batteries, the local value-added share is very low, and import dependency is very high.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e017a-2a\">None of these disadvantages apply to a CSP system with thermal storage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_bfbb10-6c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-hel\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_68d72f-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_68d72f-81\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5751ab-ec\"><strong>Mirror Field<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_2e1ead-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_8a3628-ce kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_54ecdc-8b\" id=\"tec-hel-typ\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What type of heliostats (mirrors) are envisioned?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_43990c-2f\">The mirrors of a solar tower plant that track the sun on two axes are called heliostats. There are various constructive designs and types. Ambitious cost reduction targets have been achieved.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e3f86a-87\">The glass is primarily coated with a thin layer of silver; the addition of aluminum is being <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dlr.de\/en\/sf\/latest\/events\/solarpaces-conference-2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Novel Solar Mirrors Based on Tandem Silver-Aluminum Thin Films\">investigated<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heise.de\/en\/news\/Australian-researchers-build-solar-thermal-system-with-plastic-mirrors-10388422.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Australian researchers build solar thermal system with plastic mirrors\">Heliostats made of plastic<\/a> are also conceivable. Finally, there is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capsun-technologies.com\/bluesolar-technology-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Capsun BlueSolar Technology\">approach for heliostats<\/a> in which the long-wave solar radiation \u2013 i.e., the infrared heat component \u2013 is reflected for a CSP application, while the short-wave solar radiation \u2013 mainly visible light \u2013 penetrates to the rear wall of the heliostat and strikes a PV module there for power generation.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_106f53-e7\">For the HSE system, there is a free choice for the most suitable and cost-effective heliostats. Small heliostats are preferred to allow for the repair and replacement of individual heliostats us\u2060ing simple tools without the need for large assembly machines. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_726908-54\" id=\"tec-hel-cln\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How are the heliostats cleaned?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c56e82-0f\">The goal of modern heliostat cleaning is to minimize water consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_47c0fb-af\">The cleaning of heliostats is increasingly carried out automatically: Mobile robots enclose a heliostat, clean the mirror surfaces, and immediately collect the distilled water used in the process, so that it can then be cleaned, desalinated, and reused.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_50f734-ea\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idmt.fraunhofer.de\/en\/institute\/projects-products\/projects\/aksore-acoustic-cleaning-photovoltaic-modules.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"AkSoRe &#x2013; Acoustic cleaning of photovoltaic modules\">vibration excitation<\/a>, which is being developed for the cleaning of PV modules, may be transferable to the cleaning of heliostats. It is also conceivable to use the <a href=\"https:\/\/air.fan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"AIr&#x2122; Fly Cleaner Futures\">exhaust air from a drone<\/a> to remove dust from heliostats. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_78d7fa-24\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How durable are the heliostats?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d1d62d-16\">The lifespan of heliostats is approximately on the order of 20 years. The mirror surfaces are replaceable, while the substructure has an even longer lifespan. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fce113-36\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fce113-36\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fce113-36\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_fce113-36 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fce113-36\">Premature damage or malfunctions of individual heliostats do not impair the integrity of the overall system and can be remedied by repair or replacement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_b1a754-d7 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-dig\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_a76e0f-4d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3b24b2-63\"><strong>Digitalization<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_da3450-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_da3450-2c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_9f5784-72 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_8070cd-a1\" id=\"tec-dig-iac\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What is the relevance of control technology?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c4de67-1b\">The control technology typical for power plants is also used in a CSP plant.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9f186e-88\">Additional control functions for the solar block include, among other things, the sub-aspects addressed in the graphic.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_f65e0b-0d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:1024px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af{max-width:1024px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_e1c4b4-af size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Control-technology-for-CSP-1024x650.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-2958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Control-technology-for-CSP-1024x650.png 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Control-technology-for-CSP-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Control-technology-for-CSP-768x487.png 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Control-technology-for-CSP.png 1450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Leittechnische Funktionsbereiche des Solarblocks einer Solarturmanlage<br>TES = Thermal Energy Storage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_9e95cf-88\" id=\"tec-dig-ki\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What is the relevance of artificial intelligence?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4ce1a5-a1\">Essential geometric parameters of a receiver module and the positioning of its internal cooling pins were simultaneously optimized using software whose model can be described as artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57033a-99\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57033a-99\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57033a-99\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_57033a-99 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57033a-99\">Software is also planned for optimizing the overall system, which simultaneously optimizes a multitude of parameters, representing a form of artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6b2edf-84\">Thus, artificial intelligence already holds significant relevance for HSE technology. Further application areas for artificial intelligence are to be expected. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e6aa2-56\">Some functions of this website, such as &#8220;Open All&#8221; and &#8220;Close All&#8221;, were programmed with the help of artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_a35526-6e\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Are autonomous solar power plants conceivable?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e21958-de\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e21958-de\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e21958-de\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_e21958-de wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e21958-de\">The operation of power plants is hardly conceivable as fully autonomous, as there are too many points where manual intervention may be required in case of doubt.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c77779-7c\">However, a large number of small solar thermal HSE plants can be operated from a single power plant control room with a very high degree of automation. All operational information for multiple plants then converges in the control room&#8217;s system. Operating personnel only need to visit an affected plant if manual intervention becomes necessary.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_1004c6-04 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-grd\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_652ed3-8f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b8d1f8-46\"><strong>Power Grid<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_bb5c19-97\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_59ab79-ad kt-accordion-has-5-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_4380f9-84\" id=\"tec-grd-rtm\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why are rotating masses necessary for grid stabilization?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_06055e-40\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_06055e-40\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_06055e-40\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_06055e-40 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_06055e-40\">Rotating masses \u2013 for example, in turbines or generators \u2013 act like a flywheel. If the power grid suddenly requires more or less power, these heavy, rotating parts compensate for fluctuations in the short term. They release or absorb energy in an emergency without the need for control technology intervention. This keeps the grid frequency stable and prevents rapid outages.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane5157_003c1a-ae\" id=\"tec-grd-elc\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why can&#8217;t rotating masses be replaced electronically?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_937846-91\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_937846-91\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_937846-91\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_937846-91 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_937846-91\">There are two reasons why the grid frequency can change:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">If too little power is fed into the grid, the grid frequency drops; if too much power is fed in, the grid frequency increases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The grid frequency oscillates around the setpoint as a result of a disturbance. The grid frequency is briefly lower, then higher, then lower, and so on, without this being directly attributable to an oversupply or undersupply of power.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d20e6-92\">Rotating masses in the power grid have a damping effect on these two phenomena, and the cause of this damping is irrelevant: the mass simply continues to rotate at the ideal grid frequency due to its inertia.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_16c6c5-f2\">An electronic system measures the grid frequency and calculates its response. However, since such a system cannot determine after just one oscillation whether the frequency change resulted from (1) or (2), at least two or more oscillations must be measured to calculate the correct response. By then, such a response would already be too late to stabilize the grid frequency using this method alone.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_10a08c-05\" id=\"tec-grd-bko\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Can CSP technology reduce the risk of power outages?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d67c04-8e\">The exact cause of the major power outage in Spain and Portugal on April 28, 2025, has not yet been fully clarified.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_804e78-4a\">Previously, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lamoncloa.gob.es\/lang\/en\/gobierno\/councilministers\/Paginas\/2025\/20250617-council-press-conference.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"The report structures the events in five phases: the instability on the morning of the blackout and even the previous days; the oscillations between 12:00 and 12:30 on 28 April; the generation losses; the peninsular collapse and the supply restoration phase.\">unusual grid frequency oscillations<\/a> were detected on the same day. The blackout then coincided with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bakerinstitute.org\/research\/iberian-peninsula-blackout-causes-consequences-and-challenges-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"In just five seconds, Spain lost approximately 15 gigawatts of capacity, equivalent to 60% of its national electricity demand.\">erroneous shutdown of large amounts of power<\/a>. Subsequently, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energyconnects.com\/news\/gas-lng\/2025\/may\/spain-boosts-costlier-gas-power-to-secure-grid-after-blackout\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Spain Boosts Costlier Gas Power to Secure Grid After Blackout\">Spain operates more gas-fired power plants than before the blackout<\/a>, as these facilities stabilize the grid frequency with the rotors of their turbines and generators.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0b2d24-c3\">CSP plants with turbines and generators can stabilize the grid frequency equally but CO<sub>2<\/sub>-free, thus reducing the risk of power outages &#8211; such as on April 28, 2025 in Spain and Portugal.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_658d28-6a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-mss\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_ea1161-2f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7700d7-7c\"><strong>Mass Products<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_f0f77e-aa\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_5b9ad3-e1 kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_003489-f3\" id=\"tec-mss-req\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What requirements must a CSP mass-market product meet?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f61708-1e\">Key requirements for a CSP system to become a mass-market product are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Industrial mass production must be possible for all sub-components of the system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">On-site assembly effort must be reducible, while industrial prefabrication is maximized.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Applicability must be ensured wherever high solar radiation and sufficient space are available. Therefore, there should be no restriction on applicability to exclusively horizontal terrain, for example. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Only environmentally friendly operating materials may be used in large quantities. Therefore, there should be no liquids or gases present in large quantities that are flammable, can be particularly corrosive, or whose leakage from the plant can harm the environment. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The entire plant must transition to a safe operating state in the event of a complete failure of the external power supply. Therefore, no operating media should be used that could cause damage to the plant when cooled to ambient temperature. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Robust operation must also be possible even with contaminants in the ambient air. Therefore, a CSP plant should be closed to the environment on its hot side, so that no foreign substances can uncontrollably enter the system and impair it. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">There must be no transparent objects whose contamination jeopardizes the integrity of the system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Minimal and long-term stable costs for very large and robust storage capacities are required. Therefore, the materials for storage should be chosen so that their long-term availability at low cost is ensured and that they are insensitive to environmental influences such as high temperatures, storms, and other natural events. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Scalability for various plant sizes should be possible, so that both relatively small and very large amounts of energy for different applications can be cost-effectively provided by converting solar energy with the same industrial concept.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The system should be flexible regarding the proportions of heat and electricity, to cost-effectively enable sole heat consumption, sole electricity generation, and mixed forms of heat consumption and electricity generation with the same industrial concept.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The system should have minimal water consumption, because water is a scarce commodity in sun-rich locations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_18b43b-35\" id=\"tec-mss-str\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What problems have become publicly known regarding solar tower power plants?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03f23c-b7\">The following serious problems have become publicly known for major solar tower power plants:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list alpha-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Damage and leaks in molten salt thermal storage tanks:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/netl.doe.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/netl-file\/21WELD_Vidal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\" Sener-Gemasolar&#x2019;s hot tank (~550&#xB0;C), had two consecutive fractures.\">Gemasolar<\/a>, Spain, 20 MW, 15 h storage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jpt.spe.org\/becoming-obsolete-how-high-tech-solar-plant-found-its-way-bankruptcy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Catastrophic failure of the molten-salt storage tanks that caused ground contamination and required the removal of the solar tower.\">Crescent Dunes<\/a>, Nevada, USA, 110 MW, 10 h storage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atalayar.com\/en\/articulo\/economy-and-business\/the-closure-of-noor-iii-raises-questions-about-the-safety-and-efficiency-of-large-scale-solar-installations-in-morocco\/20240404061000198249.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"The tank must be emptied, repaired and then refilled, which takes several months.\">Noor III<\/a>, Morocco, 150 MW, 7 h storage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/latinamericanpost.com\/science-technology\/chilean-cerro-dominadors-thermosolar-plant-faces-setbacks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"The plant operating at total capacity from its inauguration in June 2021 (...) until May 2022, when the tanks failed.\">Cerro Dominador<\/a>, Chile, 110 MW, 17.5 h storage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Burn-through of the receiver cladding at the aforementioned plant <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fze.uni-saarland.de\/AKE_Archiv\/AKE2019F\/Vortraege\/AKE2019F_01Hoffschmidt_SolareEnergiesysteme_imSonnenguertel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"A hole was burned in a panel. But not the receiver itself.\">Crescent Dunes<\/a> in the USA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Damage to the molten salt-heated steam superheater at the aforementioned plant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/what-happened-with-crescent-dunes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"One of the superheaters sat with water in it, and it got rusted out.\">Crescent Dunes<\/a> in the USA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Shutdown of the <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2025\/02\/13\/climate\/ivanpah-desert-solar-closing\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"It&#x2019;s closing after just 11 years\">Ivanpah<\/a> plant in California, USA, with three blocks of 126 MW and 2x 133 MW after only 11 years of operation, because no storage is available, such storage cannot be retrofitted due to the use of steam as a heat transfer medium, and the daytime electricity from the plants is not competitive compared to PV.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_68e556-83\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_68e556-83\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_68e556-83\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_68e556-83 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_68e556-83\">The problems mentioned above cannot occur with HSE technology.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ec6bee-6f\">Regarding a) The thermal storage in the HSE system is based on solids, is pressureless, and the heat transfer medium, air, is not corrosive.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e84c6-76\">Regarding b) The ceramic HSE receiver has a significantly higher temperature resistance of over 1,000 \u00b0C than a steel receiver for molten salt.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_476538-3a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_476538-3a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_476538-3a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_476538-3a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_476538-3a\">Regarding c) The steam generator and its superheater in the HSE system are heated with air. It is therefore a technology proven in plant construction for decades and not a special design for corrosive molten salt. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3e4e85-9f\">Regarding d) HSE technology enables the use of thermal storage. Electricity generation can thus be shifted to lucrative evening and night hours, while solar heat is largely stored during the day. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_369198-ca alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-grn\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_0411f6-17 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_0411f6-17\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9280fa-05\"><strong>Green Energy Carriers<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_ce5b75-d0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_2e3aa4-5d kt-accordion-has-10-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_03666c-aa\" id=\"tec-grn-iron\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is there a connection to \u201cgreen\u201d energy carriers like hydrogen and iron?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c98a33-80\">There is a connection to &#8220;green&#8221; energy carriers in two ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\"><strong>Production of &#8220;green&#8221; energy carriers<\/strong><br\/>For the nominal capacity of a facility producing electricity-based &#8220;green&#8221; energy carriers\u2014such as hydrogen\u2014there is either an oversupply or undersupply of fluctuating PV power throughout the day. Power from wind turbines can compensate for some of these fluctuations, but not completely. The utilization of facilities for producing &#8220;green&#8221; energy carriers\u2014and thus their economic viability\u2014improves significantly when an affordable power supply consistently matches the required nominal capacity. This becomes possible with a combination of PV power, wind energy, and HSE power.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Use of a \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier<\/strong><br\/>If cloud cover persists for an extended period, the heat storage of an HSE system is no longer sufficient to maintain its operation. During such periods, auxiliary firing with a \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier can ensure a continuous heat or power supply. Thermal auxiliary firing with the \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier iron is particularly promising.  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_72ecee-28\">For more information, see the section below &#8220;<a href=\"#tec-grn-iron-details\" title=\"\">How does iron work as a \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier?<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-10 kt-pane5157_e2407f-25\" id=\"tec-grn-iron-details\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">How does iron work as a \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f48c54-07\">Iron burns CO<sub>2<\/sub>-free: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2eavRtrsD8o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Short video<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"video-wrapper\">\n  <button onclick=\"loadVideo()\" style=\"  color: #1A202C; background-color: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #003658; border-radius: 0; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer;  \" onmouseover=\"this.style.backgroundColor='#EDF2F7'\" onmouseout=\"this.style.backgroundColor='#FFFFFF'\">View YouTube video<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n  function loadVideo() {\n    const wrapper = document.querySelector(\".video-wrapper\");\n    wrapper.innerHTML = `<iframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2eavRtrsD8o\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>`;\n  }\n<\/script>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a6c4a7-61_0\">The use of iron as a \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier and its advantages are hardly known. Therefore, this process is described below in its main variant: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Green hydrogen is produced from renewable energies:<br\/>2H<sub>2<\/sub>O + Electricity \u279c 2H<sub>2<\/sub> + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The green hydrogen extracts oxygen from oxidized (&#8220;rusted&#8221;) iron dust, producing pure iron and water vapor:<br\/>Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub> \u279c 2Fe + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The chemically reduced iron dust thus serves as an energy carrier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">High temperatures are generated during the combustion \/ oxidation of the iron dust:<br\/>4Fe + 3O<sub>2<\/sub> \u279c 2Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3 <\/sub>+ Heat<br\/>This combustion process does not produce CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The now oxidised (&#8216;rusted&#8217;) iron dust is collected and completely reused in a closed cycle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_a1f5f2-09\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_43f064-44.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_43f064-44 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_43f064-44.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_43f064-44 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_43f064-44{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_43f064-44{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_43f064-44 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_43f064-44 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_43f064-44 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CO2-free-circular-economy.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-8801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CO2-free-circular-economy.jpg 964w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CO2-free-circular-economy-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CO2-free-circular-economy-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><figcaption>CO<sub>2<\/sub>-freie Kreislaufwirtschaft mit Eisen. Quelle: <a href=\"https:\/\/metalenergyhub.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Metal Energy Hub<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e0fc74-17\">The process has the following advantages in particular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">The combustion of iron provides a controllable and at the same time renewable energy source that contributes to solving the problem of fluctuating energy generation from PV and wind.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">As a renewable energy source for the production of the reduced iron dust, the great potential of solar energy in sunny regions can be used: PV during the day and CSP with thermal storage at night.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">The water as a starting product for the production of green hydrogen remains at the site of production of the reduced iron and can be used there again for the production of green hydrogen. This solves the problem of the large quantities of distilled water required for the production of green hydrogen. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">The reduced iron dust can be safely transported without pressure at ambient temperature and has an energy density that is many times higher than that of hydrogen. This solves the problem of the worldwide transport of very large quantities of green energy. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">The energy carrier iron can be traded and transported globally. This results in less dependence on individual suppliers than is inevitably the case with pipelines or power lines. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">The reduced iron dust can be burned at high temperatures in coal-fired power plants and in industrial plants, which only need to be adapted in a few components. This makes it possible to continue using existing infrastructure worldwide for future green energy and electricity generation, which can result in social and financial benefits. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--theme-palette-9);border-bottom-width:16px;border-left-style:none;border-left-width:0px\">No special metallic materials are used for the storage of energy in iron, where a shortage and thus a significant increase in price is to be feared, as is the case with lithium, cobalt and copper for batteries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);margin-bottom:0px;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7f26d4-de\">Renewable Iron Fuel Technology (RIFT):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Startup: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ironfueltechnology.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Iron Fuel Technology built for impact<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">EU-Startups: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eu-startups.com\/2026\/03\/rift-project-to-deliver-340-gwh-of-industrial-heat-annually-and-avoid-over-1-million-tonnes-of-co%E2%82%82-backed-by-e113-8-million\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Backed by \u20ac113.8 million, Dutch startup RIFT to deliver 340 GWh of industrial heat annually and avoid over 1 million tonnes of CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);margin-bottom:0px;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a2dbe4-a7\">TU Darmstadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Project \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tu-darmstadt.de\/clean-circles\/about_cc\/index.en.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Clean Circles<\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Presentation \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maschinenbau.tu-darmstadt.de\/Clean_Circles_Overview_EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Clean Circles<\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Platform <a href=\"https:\/\/metalenergyhub.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Metal Energy Hub<\/a> for metal-based energy storage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d23ad7-20\">HSE is not involved in the development of this technology, but a <a href=\"#tec-grn-iron\" title=\"\">thermal co-firing with the \u201cgreen\u201d energy carrier iron<\/a> is very interesting for HSE plants.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f2387d-48\">See: &#8220;<a href=\"#tec-app-dct\" title=\"\">Could data centers and entire economies be reliably supplied?<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_31743a-08, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_31743a-08:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_31743a-08 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_31743a-08\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_273736-74.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_273736-74 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_273736-74.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_273736-74 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_273736-74{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_273736-74{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_273736-74 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_273736-74 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_273736-74 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"965\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Chemical-energy-carriers.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-8805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Chemical-energy-carriers.jpg 965w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Chemical-energy-carriers-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/Chemical-energy-carriers-768x387.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px\" \/><figcaption>Energieinhalt chemischer Energietr\u00e4ger bezogen auf 1 Liter. <br>Wasserstoff bei 700 bar, Ammoniak bei -34\u00b0C. Quelle: <a href=\"https:\/\/metalenergyhub.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Metal Energy Hub<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0\"]{margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f46cff-04_0\">The company <a href=\"https:\/\/hydrosolid.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Hydrosolid<\/a> promises the storage of hydrogen in a nanopolymer solid at 35 bar with 3 kWh per liter.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_fe5e01-7c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-cmp\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_36192e-f3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_36192e-f3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b13a04-6e\"><strong>Comparisons<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_507d79-f8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_507d79-f8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_19f953-52 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_6df716-5c\" id=\"tec-cmp-alt\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What alternatives are there for balancing fluctuating electricity from PV?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6835d7-d7\">The table below summarizes technical approaches to balance non-dispatchable PV electricity. Column 2 lists the main disadvantages and Column 3 names the associated advantages of HSE technology. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container5157_85d7c8-97{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97{overflow-x:scroll;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97 tr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97 tr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_85d7c8-97 tr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container5157_85d7c8-97 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table5157_85d7c8-97\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_d744b2-e4\">\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_be1a3f-3f\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_03d58b-03\">Technology<\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_f6414f-84\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40ebb3-5b\">Disadvantages of the technology<\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_19e675-56\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_119f9e-2d\">Advantages of the HSE system<\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_8c426f-10\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_1bde02-be\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_fb80a2-0e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6ff368-89\">Lithium batteries<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_348c82-83\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Replacement after 10-15 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Flammable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Not fail-safe in case of cooling loss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Unpredictable future costs of metallic raw materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">No mass inertia for grid stabilization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_f1e6ad-95\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Storage material lasts for several decades<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Non-flammable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Fail-safety of the entire system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">No exotic or rare materials required<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Inertia of rotating masses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_f6ee84-c7\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_a17662-5a\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d549af-bf\">Gas turbines<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_ef425d-b1\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions during operation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Limited availability of fuel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_ce4055-d9\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">No CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions during operation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Unlimited availability of solar energy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_5917e8-cd\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_a79086-0e\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a38e53-48\">Hydrogen for electricity generation<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_09e47d-25\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Extremely high water demand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Complex storage and elaborate transport of H<sub>2<\/sub> at high pressure \/ low temperature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_473bbe-84\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Very low water demand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Simple and robust storage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_5ddc4a-ba\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_c6c834-b2\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_bc7da8-f8\">Other CSP technologies<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_a46540-c6\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Mostly not industrializable and thus not suitable for mass production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_7e3f36-f5\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Fully industrializable and thus suitable for mass production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_a77ac0-e8\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_621fc2-d2\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6f4157-bf\">PV electricity for heating thermal storage<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_d680c8-f7\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">To convert solar energy into electricity and from electricity into heat, comparatively large sun-irradiated surfaces are required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_96e46f-a7\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The conversion of solar energy into heat requires approximately 2.5 to 3 times smaller solar-irradiated surfaces and can thus become significantly more cost-effective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_d2440a-53\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_d5d035-40\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d749b0-27\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synchronous_condenser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Wikipedia\">Phase shifter<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_d00d00-44\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Passive element as an additional consumer in the power grid without the possibility of energy feed-in<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_3e611d-0b\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Steam turbine with generator as an active element in the power grid with the ability to feed in energy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_893374-bb\" id=\"tec-cmp-sml\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What are the advantages and disadvantages of small and large CSP tower plants?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_b95046-eb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_b95046-eb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_499192-69.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_499192-69 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:1024px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_499192-69.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_499192-69 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_499192-69{max-width:1024px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_499192-69{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_499192-69 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_499192-69 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_499192-69 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CSP-plant-size-comparison-1024x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-9342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CSP-plant-size-comparison-1024x564.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CSP-plant-size-comparison-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CSP-plant-size-comparison-768x423.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/11\/CSP-plant-size-comparison.jpg 1167w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_c8121d-b7\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What are the advantages and disadvantages of CSP parabolic trough plants?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3{margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(1 of *:not(style)){order:2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(2 of *:not(style)){order:1;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(3 of *:not(style)){order:12;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(4 of *:not(style)){order:11;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(5 of *:not(style)){order:22;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(6 of *:not(style)){order:21;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(7 of *:not(style)){order:32;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(8 of *:not(style)){order:31;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(1 of *:not(style)){order:2;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(2 of *:not(style)){order:1;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(3 of *:not(style)){order:12;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(4 of *:not(style)){order:11;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(5 of *:not(style)){order:22;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(6 of *:not(style)){order:21;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(7 of *:not(style)){order:32;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 > .kt-row-column-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-column:nth-child(8 of *:not(style)){order:31;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_716ecf-c3 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-row kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_f95a69-f5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8d2c6b-f3\">In hazy conditions, CSP parabolic trough systems have an advantage over solar tower systems: The widely distributed receiver tubes are located in the focal line of the trough-shaped mirrors. Therefore, the path that the reflected solar radiation must travel from the mirror to the receiver is very short. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2e1c6d-3b\">In solar tower plants, the reflected solar radiation must travel a much longer, almost horizontal path through the hazy air from the mirrors to the receiver. Some energy is lost to airborne particles in the process. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_4d99a1-72\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_c5df04-c1.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_c5df04-c1 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:600px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_c5df04-c1.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_c5df04-c1 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_c5df04-c1{max-width:600px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_c5df04-c1{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_c5df04-c1 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_c5df04-c1 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_c5df04-c1 size-medium_large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1665\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/CSP-plant-configurations.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-3091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/CSP-plant-configurations.jpg 1665w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/CSP-plant-configurations-1536x646.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/CSP-plant-configurations-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/CSP-plant-configurations-768x323.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/CSP-plant-configurations-1024x431.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1665px) 100vw, 1665px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ac6231-5e\">In contrast, the material expenditure for construction and the effort for operating a solar tower plant are significantly lower than for a parabolic trough plant: In a solar tower plant, the mirror field is simpler in construction, the wind loads on the mirrors are lower, and the effort for pumping the heat transfer medium through a very widely branched piping system, which must be completely sealed, is eliminated.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1afe34-6d\">The large area required for a parabolic trough system must be horizontal with a gradient of no more than 3%. Otherwise, the flow of thermal oil, which serves as a heat transfer medium, would be uneven, as the low-viscosity flow in the pipes could break off when flowing downhill from an elevated position. For this reason, many locations that would otherwise be suitable for a CSP plant are ruled out for the construction of a parabolic trough system. In contrast, the mirror field of a solar tower plant is not restricted to a horizontal orientation.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_566f2a-3d alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"tec-evl\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_3143f1-ea\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_49fb8c-96\"><strong>Rating<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_b9248a-87 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_b9248a-87\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_a140da-f7 kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_7710b1-30\" id=\"tec-evl-dsa\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Are there disadvantages to the HSE system with pressureless air?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2069c9-84\">The disadvantages of the HSE system are noted in Chapter 7.4 of the <a href=\"#bmd-ptr-rpr\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">final report<\/a> on the publicly funded project and are reproduced here in updated form:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f731ec-97\">The potential of CSP for providing solar energy during the night was comprehensively examined in a YouTube video by Deutsche Welle (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=v_kgre8h57I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"How we can make solar power at night\">DW Planet A, 2024<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a34c47-21\">In a comment on this video, it said:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ccd97f-65\">\u201cThe problem with CSP is that they sacrifice economics and complexity to the god of collection efficiency. If you can reduce the efficiency by 10-20% and half the cost, you have a more economic viable solution. (&#8230;)\u201d (@MichaelDobbins, 07\/2024)<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_293cd5-d6\">Translation:<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ae997-21\">Not needed.  <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_051550-35\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_051550-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_051550-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_051550-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_051550-35\">When using unpressurized air as a heat transfer medium, it generally holds that the energy expenditure for transporting this air at comparable process temperatures results in a slightly lower overall efficiency of the solar system than can theoretically be achieved with CSP plants using heat transfer media like molten salt or liquid sodium, or with very high-temperature particle receivers.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a5a95d-25\">This is because either the maximum possible thermal efficiency of the air receiver is achieved at the expense of high electrical fan power, or the pressure drop and associated fan power are reduced, which in turn results in a slightly lower thermal efficiency of the receiver.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3264fa-66\">However, two aspects mitigate the slightly lower overall efficiency during nominal operation of a solar thermal air system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The electrical self-consumption for operating the receiver only occurs during the day, when PV already supplies cheaper electricity than CSP can. If, however, only the heat storage is flowed through by air at night, then the electrical self-consumption of the CSP plant is significantly lower. At the same time, the additional net CSP electricity generated at night can be sold at better prices because PV does not supply directly generated and thus inexpensive electricity.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">During the night, sunny, cloudless desert regions cool down significantly. With the lower ambient temperature, the effectiveness of an air-cooled condenser in the water-steam cycle of a CSP plant increases, which in turn allows for a more favorable operating point for the steam turbine and thus more electricity generation. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3da66d-b7\">The remaining, slight disadvantage in overall efficiency is offset by the cost advantages due to the simplicity and robustness of the solar thermal air system, as well as by cost reductions from industrial series production.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_746f8a-a1\">The size limitation of solar thermal plants using unpressurized air as a large-volume heat transfer medium is also addressed on the cost side through standardization and industrialization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_31aa80-7e\" id=\"tec-evl-trl\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What Technology Readiness Level (TRL) has been achieved so far?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c61690-96\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c61690-96\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c61690-96\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c61690-96 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c61690-96\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Technology_readiness_level\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Wikipedia\">Technology Readiness Level<\/a> (TRL) 4 was achieved with successful tests on a <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/overview\/#tst-mlh\" title=\"\">single receiver module<\/a>:<br\/><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_163dd8-f8\">&#8220;Technology validated in lab&#8221; (EU definition)<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4d8430-86\">&#8220;Component and\/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment&#8221; (NASA definition)<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c59185-0a_0\">In accordance with TRL 4, the intended tests in the artificial sun &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/overview\/#tst-syn2\" title=\"\">Synlight<\/a>&#8221; of the DLR in J\u00fclich aim at a laboratory validation with several modules at nominal power of the receiver.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-lg, 4rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 ,.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 h1,.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 h2,.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 h3,.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 h4,.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 h5,.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 a{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 a:hover{color:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 {}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_a7fa43-23 alignfull has-theme-palette9-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);}.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_1792e3-8b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xl, 3rem);line-height:1.2;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"bmd\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_70e486-7a\">Business Model<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_611b6f-ce alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"bmd-val\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_ec650e-f7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4e08ac-d4\"><strong>Value Creation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_b8e209-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_b8e209-16\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_d2a7e7-c7 kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_232eb0-b9\" id=\"bmd-val-loc\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What is the local value creation?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_dc9198-00\">The HSE system largely consists of very simple plant engineering, which enables exceptionally high local value creation.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_d6ccb8-61\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:850px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3{max-width:850px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_7e1b4a-b3 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"497\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-1024x497.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-7017\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-1024x497.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-1536x746.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-2048x995.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/10\/System-diagram-HSE-scaled-e1759863145855-768x373.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Systemdiagramm eine HSE-Solarturmanlage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_7fc24c-d3\" id=\"bmd-val-svc\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What service concept is appropriate?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_336447-15\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_336447-15\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_336447-15\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_336447-15 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_336447-15\">The &#8220;roll-in \/ roll-out&#8221; concept makes sense as a service concept for HSE systems: none of the larger components are serviced on site. Instead, they are simply exchanged for maintenance and then efficiently and cost-effectively repaired in specialized workshops. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_a4aa0c-24 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"bmd-ipr\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_bf335c-81 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_bf335c-81\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p id=\"bmd-ipr-txt\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99d13-bc\"><strong>IP Rights<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_48ace2-61 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_48ace2-61\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_eca271-3b kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_12902a-a8\" id=\"bmd-ipr-ini\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Which patent applications have been filed?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d35db7-5a\">The German patent application \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/register.dpma.de\/DPMAregister\/pat\/register?AKZ=1020222096428&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"German Patent and Trademark Office\">Solar-thermal Module<\/a>\u201c (10 2022 209 642.8) was filed on September 14, 2022, with publication on March 14, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0e892b-e5\">The corresponding European patent application \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/register.dpma.de\/DPMAregister\/pat\/register?AKZ=EP2023075004&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"German Patent and Trademark Office\">Solar-thermal Module<\/a>\u201c (PCT\/EP2023\/075004) was duly filed on September 12, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_8b2867-68_0\">In March and April 2025, intellectual property rights were filed by Hueck Solar Energy GmbH on time worldwide in all countries and regions relevant to solar thermal energy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_52f657-0f\" id=\"bmd-ipr-cnt\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What do the intellectual property rights refer to?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_f53816-95, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_f53816-95:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_f53816-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_f53816-95 kvs-lg-false\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_60489d-1f.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_60489d-1f .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:900px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_60489d-1f.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_60489d-1f .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_60489d-1f{max-width:900px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_60489d-1f{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_60489d-1f img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_60489d-1f .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_60489d-1f size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-1024x551.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-3282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-1024x551.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2.jpg 1330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Abbildung aus der Schutzrechtsanmeldung &#8220;Solarthermisches Modul&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b0fc20-a5\">The 11 patent claims of the patent family refer to the following sub-aspects of the solar thermal module:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Three constructive solutions for the technical management of thermal expansions using a spring element (51), articulated connections (34, 35), and the mechanical decoupling of components (36, 37) that expand differently.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The assignment of metallic and ceramic materials to specific functional areas (5, 30) of the solar thermal module.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">A specific aspect of flow guidance in the air outlet area (36, 37) of a solar thermal module.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The constructive design of the form-fitting anti-rotation device for the screw connections (39, 41) inside a receiver module.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The use of bayonet fasteners on three components (44, 46, 47) of the solar thermal module.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The use of an outer tube (49) for supplying cold air in an inner tube (48) through the hot air duct (6).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The method for generating thermal energy from solar radiation for a heat consumer using many such solar thermal modules (15).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_b816c8-9b kvs-md-false kvs-sm-false\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:900px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29{max-width:900px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29 img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_6f2ad8-29 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-1024x551.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-3282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-1024x551.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Receiver-IP-Fig-2.jpg 1330w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Abbildung aus der Schutzrechtsanmeldung &#8220;Solarthermisches Modul&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_e5865a-95\" id=\"bmd-ipr-prt\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is the entire system configuration protected?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2fde5f-f5_0\">Yes, the entire plant configuration is protected by the patent applications.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6d3fc6-71\">Indeed, for an industrializable solar tower plant using unpressurized air as a heat transfer medium, an environmentally sealed receiver is required that does not contain transparent objects such as quartz glass panes. According to the principal inventor, anyone wishing to develop or use such a receiver with good thermal efficiency will not find alternative design principles that are not covered by the patent claims. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_8b54ea-25 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"bmd-cst\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_71b02d-88 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_71b02d-88\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b1975c-c7\"><strong>Costs<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_c84f02-95 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_c84f02-95\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_0ad9ec-85 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_c3853d-94\" id=\"bmd-cst-pvb\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What is the competitiveness compared to PV?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7ad2d3-52\">When comparing the HSE system (CSP) with PV, two technically equivalent system configurations must be compared.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f35515-56\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f35515-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f35515-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_f35515-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_f35515-56\">A PV system with batteries includes additional costs for grid stabilization. Rotating masses of power plants or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synchronous_condenser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Wikipedia\">synchronous condensers<\/a> are suitable for this, but attempts are also being made to install even more batteries for this purpose. These additional costs are referred to by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lazard.com\/research-insights\/levelized-cost-of-energyplus-lcoeplus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Lazard&#x2019;s Levelized Cost of Energy+ (LCOE+)\">Lazard<\/a> as &#8220;Levelized Firming Cost&#8221; (LFC) and are stated as a separate cost item, for example, for the grid operator CAISO (California Independent System Operator). If one adds the LCOE for PV plus batteries plus LFC mentioned by Lazard, then one obtains the actual LCOE of this system configuration as the middle bar in the left area of the diagram below. If one adds the same LFC to the minimum and maximum LCOE for Solar PV plus batteries (Utility) mentioned by Lazard, then the two bars on the left and right in the left area of the diagram below result.    <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8617_2d6e3d-1f_0\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p id=\"bmd-cst-cst-txt1\" class=\"kt-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3526_543dc5-f8\">Due to its industrialization potential, HSE technology can reach the cost corridor projected for CSP: \"... the cost of electricity from CSP will potentially fall into the range of 6 to 10 US$ct\/kWh.\u201d Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/publications\/2019\/May\/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">IRENA (2019), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018<\/a>, p. 25. The lower range of this cost corridor is confirmed by the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.cnste.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">China Solar Thermal Alliance<\/a> with 0.55 \u00a5\/kWh or 7.7 US$ct\/kWh for CSP plants in China in the period 2025-2027.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_8a9e8c-b5\">The HSE system (CSP) includes both storage and grid stabilization through rotating masses. This makes the industrialized HSE system a significantly more cost-effective solution. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_f677ca-b3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image5157_cf4810-7c:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kb-image5157_cf4810-7c.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image5157_cf4810-7c .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:1024px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_cf4810-7c.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image5157_cf4810-7c .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image5157_cf4810-7c{max-width:1024px;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_cf4810-7c{-webkit-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;}.image-is-svg.kb-image5157_cf4810-7c img{width:100%;}.kb-image5157_cf4810-7c .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_cf4810-7c size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2026\/01\/LCOE-comparison-1747x959-1-1024x562.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-10047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2026\/01\/LCOE-comparison-1747x959-1-1024x562.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2026\/01\/LCOE-comparison-1747x959-1-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2026\/01\/LCOE-comparison-1747x959-1-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2026\/01\/LCOE-comparison-1747x959-1-1536x843.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2026\/01\/LCOE-comparison-1747x959-1.jpg 1747w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_7a77fc-63 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"bmd-mkt\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_0ebf15-74\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b4dcb-cc\"><strong>Market<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_7103c9-1b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_9f857b-f8 kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_2b84a9-99\" id=\"bmd-mkt-cst\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Who are the potential customers?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_184746-c6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_184746-c6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_184746-c6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_184746-c6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_184746-c6\">Potential customers are all medium-sized and large consumers of electricity in sunny regions. In addition, there are all medium-sized and large heat consumers in sunny regions, provided that there is sufficient space for a solar thermal system in the vicinity of the heat demand. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6a3d7f-83\">The explanations on the question below should be noted: \u201c<a href=\"#bmd-ptr-mkt\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">Which partners are needed for the market launch?<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane5157_d90991-0c\" id=\"bmd-mkt-buy\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What does a potential customer buy?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_38313f-1d\">For a customer who wants to obtain electricity or heat from an HSE system, the handling must be very simple. This means that a customer neither finances or builds such a plant himself, nor operates it himself, but merely pays for the energy quantities consumed.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_029852-f4\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_029852-f4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_029852-f4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_029852-f4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_029852-f4\">The explanations on the question below should be noted: \u201c<a href=\"#bmd-ptr-mkt\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">Which partners are needed for the market launch?<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_930a8f-ac\" id=\"bmd-mkt-pot\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Why does CSP have at least as much market potential as PV?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6bfe5b-01\">The output of PV systems follows a daily curve. If their area is projected onto a rectangle with the height of the systems&#8217; peak power, then the width of this rectangle corresponds to the so-called &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/enkonnsolar.com\/peak-sun-hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Definition of \" peak=\"\" sun=\"\" hours=\"\">Peak Sun Hours<\/a>&#8220;. Their duration \u2013 depending on the location \u2013 averages approximately 5 to 7 hours per day over the year. If the systems&#8217; peak power matches the average demand of electricity consumers, then the remaining 17 to 19 &#8220;Peak Hours&#8221; per day must be supplied either from otherwise stored PV electricity or from other energy systems.   <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_fe6637-19:not(.specificity){margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_fe6637-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_fe6637-19\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image5157_b2e81e-ed:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kb-image5157_b2e81e-ed .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_b2e81e-ed size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/enkonnsolar.com\/peak-sun-hours\" class=\"kb-advanced-image-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"201\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Peak-sun-hours.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-3322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Peak-sun-hours.gif 540w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Peak-sun-hours-300x112.gif 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9ec4ae-39\">In a completely CO<sub>2<\/sub>-free energy supply, which largely avoids stationary electrical batteries due to enormous resource consumption and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bam.de\/Content\/EN\/Standard-Articles\/Topics\/Energy\/Electrical-Energy-Storage-Conversion\/lithium-batteries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">fire hazards<\/a>, an industrialized and thus cost-effective CSP technology in sun-rich regions is ideally suited to cover these 17 to 19 hours per day for the most part: for electricity generation, heat generation, and the production of suitable &#8220;green&#8221; energy carriers that are globally usable.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ea736e-4b\">Against this background, CSP has at least as much, if not greater, market potential than PV.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_df708b-cf alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"bmd-ptr\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_c402e8-6e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb9ec9-82\"><strong>Partners<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_41ee8e-54\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_40b0cc-2b kt-accordion-has-8-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_a51e3d-5b\" id=\"bmd-ptr-mkt\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><span class=\"panel-cloned-header\" data-panel-anchor=\"bmd-ptr-mkt\">Which partners are needed for market launch?<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_4c94f4-a7\"><span class=\"panel-hidden\">+++<\/span>Partial answer+++<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1b5d50-2f\">The essential partner for the market launch of the HSE system is an &quot;Energy Service Company,&quot; which in terms of status can be an &quot;Independent Power Producer&quot; (IPP), an energy supplier, or another type of high-performance company in the energy business.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_28979e-1a\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p id=\"read-answer-complete\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_cc2783-00\">If you would like to read the full answer because you are considering a collaboration with HSE, please contact us via the <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">contact form<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-8 kt-pane5157_e680a1-8f\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><span class=\"panel-cloned-header\" data-panel-anchor=\"bmd-ptr-pfe\">Why did Siemens Energy abandon solar technology?<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fd06c7-83\">Siemens Energy&#039;s withdrawal from the solar project was based on a portfolio decision and strategy adjustment.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_0841cd-36\" id=\"bmd-ptr-rpr\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is there a final report on the funding by the BMWE?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_3ae383-b3\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/oa.tib.eu\/renate\/handle\/123456789\/22851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"TIB\">final report<\/a> dated September 30, 2024, on the joint project \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/enargus.de\/pub\/bscw.cgi\/?op=enargus.eps2&amp;q=SolarRetrofit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"enArgus Database PTJ and BMWE\">SolarRetrofit &#8211; Solar Thermal Heat for Power Plants and Industry<\/a>\u201d funded by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswirtschaftsministerium.de\/Navigation\/EN\/Home\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy<\/a> (BMWE), by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.siemens-energy.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Siemens Energy Global GmbH &amp; Co. KG<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dlr.de\/sf\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Institute for Solar Research<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dlr.de\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">German Aerospace Center e.V.<\/a>, was published by the Technical Information Library Hanover. The report comprises 159 pages with 179 figures, 22 tables, and 41 references. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-lg, 4rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc ,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc h1,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc h2,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc h3,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc h4,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc h5,.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc a{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc a:hover{color:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc {}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_2834aa-fc alignfull has-theme-palette9-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);}.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_64173d-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_64173d-4a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xl, 3rem);line-height:1.2;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"env\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_814e9d-85\">Environment<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_85ec7a-84 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"env-crt\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_dbab10-2c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc\"]{margin-bottom:0px;}}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_238e68-cc\"><strong>Living Beings<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_3e1624-5d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_2d4ac1-c6 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_224dd2-d0\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is there a danger for residents in the vicinity of an HSE plant?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2ef148-30\">HSE plants do not contain any flammable, toxic, or radioactive substances, nor do they pose any other dangers to local residents. Furthermore, solar thermal power plants are built in sun-rich locations where there are practically no residents. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_5c0086-3d\" id=\"env-crt-brd\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is there a danger to birds?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_40fc95-48\">Large solar tower plants can pose a <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/general-news-fc2fed5e8363445ca68f588c2dc62dd6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Emerging solar plants scorch birds in mid-air\">deadly threat to birds<\/a>. The very hot, centrally located receiver is not the issue, as its heat radiation instinctively deters birds from approaching it. However, the increasing energy density of concentrated solar radiation in the air towards the receiver is dangerous, as birds cannot perceive it in time, causing them to burn in flight. In large solar tower plants, this hazardous area is so extensive that the deterrent effect of the receiver&#8217;s heat radiation does not reach far enough.   <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_88f48f-b0\">For small solar tower plants, the area dangerous for birds is proportionally smaller. The heat radiation from the receiver, which birds perceive in time and whose temperature roughly corresponds to that of a large plant, is still sufficient to deter birds from entering the dangerous zone of high energy density. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_616b5c-9b\">If this effect is no longer sufficient for a medium-sized plant, then other remedial measures are necessary: The approach of birds can be detected with cameras and image evaluation by artificial intelligence. If birds approach the danger zone, they will be deterred. In addition, the defocusing of part of the heliostats can cause the dangerous energy density in the air to prevail only in an area that birds avoid anyway.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane5157_ccfa70-6c\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is there a danger to other animals or plants?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c7d196-00\">During the construction of a solar thermal plant, the sparse biosphere is impacted, but it recovers without issue. After installation, the heliostats become shade providers in the scorching heat of the day. This positive effect can contribute to the diversification of the local biosphere.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_3b2a29-e1 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"env-spc\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_8e3161-52 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_8e3161-52\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_489390-19\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_489390-19\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_489390-19\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_489390-19 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_489390-19\"><strong>Space Requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_8ca521-66 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_8ca521-66\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_5c9a7d-28 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_fd15de-d8\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Can the space requirement of HSE plants become a problem?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2b10c9-2e\">Solar thermal plants are designed for sun-rich desert regions, where space is not an issue. This is a welcome contrast to the construction of onshore wind turbines, dams, or large-scale biomass cultivation, which often lead to conflicts over the required land.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_2b7657-a6\" id=\"env-spc-dst\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Is covering desert areas a danger to the environment?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_a0a7e9-37\">Reiterating the <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/overview\/#solar-knies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Dr. Gerhard Knies, 2009\">quote<\/a> from the page &#8220;Overview&#8220;: &#8220;The Earth&#8217;s deserts receive more energy from the sun in six hours than humanity consumes in an entire year.&#8221; Therefore, for the energy supply of all humanity, less than <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desertec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Wikipedia\">0,3%<\/a> of the existing desert areas need to be developed with solar systems. This poses no threat to the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_7b326e-9e\">In contrast, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unccd.int\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"UNCCD - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification\">desertification<\/a>, i.e., desert expansion, amounts to approximately 0.1-0.3% of the desert area <em>per year<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_4ac7b3-3c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"env-rsc\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_ca2c75-ce\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_480205-14\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_480205-14\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_480205-14\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_480205-14 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_480205-14\"><strong>Raw Materials<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_99ea24-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_99ea24-51\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_9536d2-3e kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_b86697-35\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Should a shortage of required raw materials be a concern?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_554022-f5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_554022-f5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_554022-f5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_554022-f5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_554022-f5\">For HSE plants, largely no raw materials are required for which a shortage is to be feared. A shortage is only possible for the copper required for the windings of the generators, but copper can be recycled very well. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_4c52a6-40\" id=\"env-rsc-sic\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What about the ceramic raw material SiC?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_fb8de5-65\">The required raw material silicon carbide (SiC) is artificially produced, based on the elements silicon (Si) and carbon (C), and is therefore unlimitedly available.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_e5f259-a0 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"env-opr\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_58816a-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_58816a-d7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_371707-08\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_371707-08\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_371707-08\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_371707-08 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_371707-08\"><strong>Operating Materials<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_2f4b33-11\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_aa4b72-07 kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_2b2304-a7\" id=\"env-opr-wtr\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What is the water consumption?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6cd84d-0e\">The answers to the question &#8220;<a href=\"#tec-hel-cln\" title=\"Questions &amp; Answers\">How are the heliostats cleaned?<\/a>&#8221; include information on minimizing water consumption for mirror cleaning.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d12a79-3f\">There are CSP plants with water-cooled condensers. Their water consumption is enormously high. HSE plants for power generation, on the other hand, are equipped with an air-cooled condenser that does not consume water. Since it gets very cold at night in deserts with clear air, an air-cooled condenser can be used very well there. During the day, when PV electricity is unbeatably cheap, the efficiency of an air-cooled condenser does not matter. Instead of generating electricity, the solar heat is primarily stored.     <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_57bc26-b8\">The water vapor cycle of a steam turbine plant is closed. Only the minor water losses need to be replaced by demineralized water. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane5157_5d8cc9-f9\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">What operating materials are required in significant amounts?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_b569a1-00\">No significant quantities of operating materials are required for the continuous operation of an HSE plant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_b29e0a-6b alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_b080b6-a6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xl, 3rem);line-height:1.2;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"fdb\" class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_e97889-e7\">Feedback<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_ff8a7c-cb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_4c9610-bf kt-accordion-has-7-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane5157_f3761d-cd\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Have all questions been answered?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d93fa7-ed\">If you have a question related to HSE technology that is not asked and answered here, you are welcome to <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">send<\/a> this question to HSE.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_f232fc-46 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_c9b93d-e6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b:not(.specificity){margin-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b:not(.specificity){margin-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b:not(.specificity){margin-left:0px;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_51de0f-6b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b\"]{margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d7b33f-2b\">The details presented here regarding HSE technology are either already included in the disclosure of the <a href=\"#bmd-ipr\" title=\"\">patent application<\/a>, available in the <a href=\"#bmd-ptr-rpr\" title=\"\">final report<\/a> of a public <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/history-outlook\/#2021-bmwe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Joint Project: SolarRetrofit - Solar Thermal Heat for Power Plants and Industry\">funding project<\/a>, or published <a href=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/en\/history-outlook\/#2022-SolarPACES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">elsewhere<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8{display:none !important;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_63bf88-e8 alignnone kb-v-lg-hidden kb-v-md-hidden kb-v-sm-hidden wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_82a4ef-9a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_156641-15{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_156641-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_156641-15\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-table-container5157_6ce92b-ec{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec{overflow-x:scroll;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec tr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec tr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-container .kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec tr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container5157_6ce92b-ec wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table5157_6ce92b-ec\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_7ab2a6-fd\">\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_cc7751-e8\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_0898ec-95\"><\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_161f58-b9\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d0bc2c-72\"><\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_92dfe7-2e\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_5fac2c-e3\"><\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n\n<th  scope=\"col\" class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_596dab-aa\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_677b32-47\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_677b32-47\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_677b32-47\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_677b32-47 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_677b32-47\"><\/p>\n\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row5157_bfeb80-08\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_210655-94\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_606355-97{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_606355-97 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_606355-97\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_61bfca-59\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_d4462e-f7\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d16972-14\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d16972-14\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d16972-14\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_d16972-14 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_d16972-14\"><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_9123c9-00\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_235502-a5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_235502-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_235502-a5\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_235502-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_235502-a5\"><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data5157_0b11b1-41\">\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_ff585f-73\"><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-lg, 4rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 ,.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 h1,.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 h2,.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 h3,.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 h4,.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 h5,.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 a{color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 a:hover{color:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 > .kt-row-column-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83{display:none !important;}}.kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 {}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_869c21-83 alignfull kb-v-lg-hidden kb-v-md-hidden kb-v-sm-hidden has-theme-palette9-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\" id=\"template\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);}.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_e7b9a4-93\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xl, 3rem);line-height:1.2;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_6012a5-ad\">Template<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><style>.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1280px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(80% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr);}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55{display:none !important;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55{display:none !important;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id5157_dd3257-55 alignnone kb-v-lg-hidden kb-v-md-hidden kb-v-sm-hidden wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-right-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_212c2e-bc\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_9e334d-ad\"><strong>Template Middle<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_9de443-ae > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_9de443-ae\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);color:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette4, #2D3748);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left:1px double var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id5157_163b5d-bb kt-accordion-has-4-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane5157_6ec440-23\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Question<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_2d62d5-34\">Text<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_906667-a4, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_906667-a4:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_906667-a4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_906667-a4\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_f860eb-3b .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_f860eb-3b size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Solar-supply-and-world-demand.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-1282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Solar-supply-and-world-demand.jpg 710w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Solar-supply-and-world-demand-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><figcaption>Bildunterschrift<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99602-91\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99602-91\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99602-91\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_c99602-91 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_c99602-91\">Text<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10{text-align:center;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10{position:relative;}.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column5157_80cc74-10:not(.specificity){margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column5157_80cc74-10 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column5157_80cc74-10\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image5157_777067-98 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image5157_777067-98 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Solar-supply-and-world-demand.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-1282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Solar-supply-and-world-demand.jpg 710w, https:\/\/hsolar.energy\/files\/2025\/09\/Solar-supply-and-world-demand-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><figcaption>Bildunterschrift<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane5157_2f6808-2b\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Question<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading5157_1e43d9-d6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" 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